Dr Sarah Zarmsky is a Lecturer at Queen's University Belfast School of Law with a research focus on the intersections between international law, human rights, and new and emerging technologies. She is also a Fellow at the Institute for Global Peace, Security and Justice. Dr Zarmsky's work has been published in outlets such as the Journal of International Criminal Justice and presented at multiple conferences and events. Her research has been cited in multiple books and journal articles, major policy documents such as the International Criminal Court Office of the Prosecutor's Policy on Cyber-Enabled Crimes Under the Rome Statute, and she has been interviewed for major media outlets, including Wired Magazine and Reuters. Dr Zarmsky has also advised platforms such as Meta on content moderation policies, and liaised with non-governmental organisations on the development of protocols for emerging issues related to international law in a digital age, such as for the use of audio evidence in ICL trials or online investigations of conflict-related sexual violence. She is also a co-author of a guide for judges and fact-finders on evaluating open source imagery, launched in May 2024.

Dr Zarmsky completed her PhD at the University of Essex Human Rights Centre, which was funded by the Modern Law Review Scholarship (2023-2024 and 2024-2025). She received her LLM in Public International Law at Leiden University in The Netherlands. Dr Zarmsky has held positions at the International Criminal Court, the International Bar Association (ICC & ICL Programme Office and the Legal Policy and Research Unit), and the International Court of Justice. She is also trained in conducting open source investigations, and has assisted with open source research, trainings, and writing reports for multiple organisations. Dr Zarmsky was Deputy Managing Editor of the legal blog, Opinio Juris, from 2022-2026.

Dr Zarmsky's new book, Digital Harm and International Criminal Law, will be published with Hart/Bloomsbury in November 2026.

international criminal law, international humanitarian law, human rights law, law and technology, open source investigations, artificial intelligence 

Dr Zarmsky currently lectures on the following modules: 

• Criminal Law
• Evidence and Criminal Procedure 
• Evidence (MLaw) 
• Comparative Human Rights
• Regulating Innovation
• Regulating Reality: The Law of Misinformation 

Dr Zarmsky is also a member of the School's SWAN Committee and the AI Working Group.