A 10-year analysis of RASFF notifications for mycotoxins in nuts. Trend in key mycotoxins and impacted countries

Iyiola O. Owolabi; Nitsara Karoonuthaisiri; Christopher T. Elliott; Awanwee Petchkongkaew

doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112915

A 10-year analysis of RASFF notifications for mycotoxins in nuts. Trend in key mycotoxins and impacted countries

Iyiola O. Owolabi, Nitsara Karoonuthaisiri, Christopher T. Elliott, Awanwee Petchkongkaew^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Biological Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

10 Citations (Scopus)

88 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

The demand for tree nuts has significantly grown in recent years as epidemiological studies and clinical intervention trials demonstrated an inverse relationship between tree nut consumption and chronic diseases. However, mycotoxins are one of the main hazards responsible for increased “Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed” (RASFF) notifications and border rejections on nuts and nut products exported to the E.U. countries in the past few years. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites that present serious threats to human and animal health. The most prevalent, toxic, and carcinogenic mycotoxins observed in human food and animal feed are the aflatoxins (AFs). This work analyzed notifications from the RASFF on nuts and nut products contaminated with mycotoxins, for a 10-year period from 2011 to 2021. A total of 4752 mycotoxin notifications were published on RASFF for food products worldwide, 63% (n = 3000) were notified in “nuts, nut products and seeds”. It was observed that 95% (n = 2669) notifications were due to AFs. Over half of these notifications (52%, n = 1545) were reported for groundnuts, where 29% (n = 441) of the notifications were received for groundnuts from China alone. Border rejection was reported for 91% (n = 2560) of the nuts and nut products which received the notifications from the E.U. countries. This study proffers understanding into the major reasons for RASFF notifications on nuts and nut products exported to E.U. countries. Also, the implications of this issue with some recommendations that could reduce the incidents of notifications for tree nuts have been outlined.

Original language	English
Article number	112915
Journal	Food Research International
Volume	172
Early online date	20 Jun 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112915
Publication status	Published - Oct 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Acknowledgements are given to Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Science, Queen's University Belfast and the International Joint Research Center on Food Security (IJC-FOODSEC) for the support. Additionally, this study was financially supported by Bualuang Chair Professor Fund (contract number TUBC 08/2022), Thammasat Postdoctoral Fellowship (contract number TUPD 9/2564), and Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fundamental Fund fiscal year 2023 (Project no. 4182267).

Funding Information:
Acknowledgements are given to Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Science, Queen’s University Belfast and the International Joint Research Center on Food Security (IJC-FOODSEC) for the support. Additionally, this study was financially supported by Bualuang Chair Professor Fund (contract number TUBC 08/2022), Thammasat Postdoctoral Fellowship (contract number TUPD 9/2564), and Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fundamental Fund fiscal year 2023 (Project no. 4182267).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Author(s)

Keywords

E.U. regulation
Export
Mycotoxin contamination
Nuts
RASFF notifications

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Food Science

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112915Licence: CC BY-NC-ND

A 10-year analysis of RASFF notifications for mycotoxins in nuts. Trend in key mycotoxins and impacted countries
Copyright 2023 the authors. This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits distribution and reproduction for non-commercial purposes, provided the author and source are cited.
Final published version, 1.61 MBLicence: CC BY-NC-ND

Cite this

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abstract = "The demand for tree nuts has significantly grown in recent years as epidemiological studies and clinical intervention trials demonstrated an inverse relationship between tree nut consumption and chronic diseases. However, mycotoxins are one of the main hazards responsible for increased “Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed” (RASFF) notifications and border rejections on nuts and nut products exported to the E.U. countries in the past few years. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites that present serious threats to human and animal health. The most prevalent, toxic, and carcinogenic mycotoxins observed in human food and animal feed are the aflatoxins (AFs). This work analyzed notifications from the RASFF on nuts and nut products contaminated with mycotoxins, for a 10-year period from 2011 to 2021. A total of 4752 mycotoxin notifications were published on RASFF for food products worldwide, 63% (n = 3000) were notified in “nuts, nut products and seeds”. It was observed that 95% (n = 2669) notifications were due to AFs. Over half of these notifications (52%, n = 1545) were reported for groundnuts, where 29% (n = 441) of the notifications were received for groundnuts from China alone. Border rejection was reported for 91% (n = 2560) of the nuts and nut products which received the notifications from the E.U. countries. This study proffers understanding into the major reasons for RASFF notifications on nuts and nut products exported to E.U. countries. Also, the implications of this issue with some recommendations that could reduce the incidents of notifications for tree nuts have been outlined.",

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note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgements are given to Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Science, Queen's University Belfast and the International Joint Research Center on Food Security (IJC-FOODSEC) for the support. Additionally, this study was financially supported by Bualuang Chair Professor Fund (contract number TUBC 08/2022), Thammasat Postdoctoral Fellowship (contract number TUPD 9/2564), and Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fundamental Fund fiscal year 2023 (Project no. 4182267). Funding Information: Acknowledgements are given to Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Science, Queen{\textquoteright}s University Belfast and the International Joint Research Center on Food Security (IJC-FOODSEC) for the support. Additionally, this study was financially supported by Bualuang Chair Professor Fund (contract number TUBC 08/2022), Thammasat Postdoctoral Fellowship (contract number TUPD 9/2564), and Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fundamental Fund fiscal year 2023 (Project no. 4182267). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Author(s)",

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AU - Karoonuthaisiri, Nitsara

AU - Elliott, Christopher T.

AU - Petchkongkaew, Awanwee

N1 - Funding Information: Acknowledgements are given to Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Science, Queen's University Belfast and the International Joint Research Center on Food Security (IJC-FOODSEC) for the support. Additionally, this study was financially supported by Bualuang Chair Professor Fund (contract number TUBC 08/2022), Thammasat Postdoctoral Fellowship (contract number TUPD 9/2564), and Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fundamental Fund fiscal year 2023 (Project no. 4182267). Funding Information: Acknowledgements are given to Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Science, Queen’s University Belfast and the International Joint Research Center on Food Security (IJC-FOODSEC) for the support. Additionally, this study was financially supported by Bualuang Chair Professor Fund (contract number TUBC 08/2022), Thammasat Postdoctoral Fellowship (contract number TUPD 9/2564), and Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fundamental Fund fiscal year 2023 (Project no. 4182267). Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s)

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N2 - The demand for tree nuts has significantly grown in recent years as epidemiological studies and clinical intervention trials demonstrated an inverse relationship between tree nut consumption and chronic diseases. However, mycotoxins are one of the main hazards responsible for increased “Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed” (RASFF) notifications and border rejections on nuts and nut products exported to the E.U. countries in the past few years. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites that present serious threats to human and animal health. The most prevalent, toxic, and carcinogenic mycotoxins observed in human food and animal feed are the aflatoxins (AFs). This work analyzed notifications from the RASFF on nuts and nut products contaminated with mycotoxins, for a 10-year period from 2011 to 2021. A total of 4752 mycotoxin notifications were published on RASFF for food products worldwide, 63% (n = 3000) were notified in “nuts, nut products and seeds”. It was observed that 95% (n = 2669) notifications were due to AFs. Over half of these notifications (52%, n = 1545) were reported for groundnuts, where 29% (n = 441) of the notifications were received for groundnuts from China alone. Border rejection was reported for 91% (n = 2560) of the nuts and nut products which received the notifications from the E.U. countries. This study proffers understanding into the major reasons for RASFF notifications on nuts and nut products exported to E.U. countries. Also, the implications of this issue with some recommendations that could reduce the incidents of notifications for tree nuts have been outlined.

AB - The demand for tree nuts has significantly grown in recent years as epidemiological studies and clinical intervention trials demonstrated an inverse relationship between tree nut consumption and chronic diseases. However, mycotoxins are one of the main hazards responsible for increased “Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed” (RASFF) notifications and border rejections on nuts and nut products exported to the E.U. countries in the past few years. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites that present serious threats to human and animal health. The most prevalent, toxic, and carcinogenic mycotoxins observed in human food and animal feed are the aflatoxins (AFs). This work analyzed notifications from the RASFF on nuts and nut products contaminated with mycotoxins, for a 10-year period from 2011 to 2021. A total of 4752 mycotoxin notifications were published on RASFF for food products worldwide, 63% (n = 3000) were notified in “nuts, nut products and seeds”. It was observed that 95% (n = 2669) notifications were due to AFs. Over half of these notifications (52%, n = 1545) were reported for groundnuts, where 29% (n = 441) of the notifications were received for groundnuts from China alone. Border rejection was reported for 91% (n = 2560) of the nuts and nut products which received the notifications from the E.U. countries. This study proffers understanding into the major reasons for RASFF notifications on nuts and nut products exported to E.U. countries. Also, the implications of this issue with some recommendations that could reduce the incidents of notifications for tree nuts have been outlined.

KW - E.U. regulation

KW - Export

KW - Mycotoxin contamination

KW - Nuts

KW - RASFF notifications

U2 - 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112915

DO - 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112915

M3 - Review article

AN - SCOPUS:85163047581

SN - 0963-9969

VL - 172

JO - Food Research International

JF - Food Research International

M1 - 112915

ER -

A 10-year analysis of RASFF notifications for mycotoxins in nuts. Trend in key mycotoxins and impacted countries

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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