A scoping review of factors affecting COVID-19 vaccination uptake and deployment in global healthcare systems

Chikondi C Kandulu, Laura Sahm, Mohammad M. Saab, Michelle O'Driscoll, Megan McCarthy, Gillian Shorter, Emma Berry, Anne Moore, Aoife Fleming

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Abstract

COVID-19 vaccines were rapidly developed and deployed at a large-scale, during a global crisis. A range of deployment strategies were used globally to maximize vaccine uptake. In this scoping review, we identify and analyse the main healthcare system and policy factors which guided and influenced COVID-19 vaccination deployment and uptake globally. JBI guidelines, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), and the population, concept, and context (PCC) framework were applied. Studies on individual COVID-19 vaccination factors, such as vaccine hesitancy, were excluded. The search was last conducted in May 2024 yielding 26,686 articles from PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, and COVID-19 websites. A total of 47 articles and 3 guidance documents were included. The results of the thematic analysis were mapped to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Factors that were integral to COVID-19 vaccination deployment and uptake include the types of vaccine products, healthcare workforce capacity, procurement strategies, distribution and cold chain capacity, partnership, coordination, and leadership, information, communication, and registration strategies, delivery models, organizations, the existing health systems and policies on prioritisation of at-risk groups and deployment plans. Globally, COVID-19 vaccination programmes responded to the COVID-19 pandemic by leveraging and reforming the existing healthcare systems, relying on strong leadership and global cooperation (the COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access Initiative). Deployment was enabled by effective communication and adoption of innovative technologies using data-driven policies to create high vaccine demand while overcoming limited vaccine supply and rapidly adapting to uncertainties.
Original languageEnglish
Article number1093
JournalVaccines
Volume12
Issue number10
Early online date25 Sept 2024
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Oct 2024

Keywords

  • covid-19
  • vaccines
  • healthcare systems
  • vaccination
  • vaccination strategies
  • vaccine access
  • vaccine deployment
  • vaccine campaign
  • immunization programmes
  • health policy
  • health planning
  • behaviour change
  • organisational behaviour
  • global health

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