Ambient air pollution associations with retinal morphology in the UK Biobank

Sharon Y.L. Chua; Anthony P. Khawaja; Andrew D. Dick; James Morgan; Baljean Dhillon; Andrew J. Lotery; Nicholas G. Strouthidis; Charles Reisman; Tunde Peto; Peng T. Khaw; Paul J. Foster; Praveen J. Patel; Thomas Littlejohns; Naomi Allen; Eleni Beli; Denize Atan; Tariq Aslam; Sarah A. Barman; Jenny H. Barrett; Paul Bishop; Catey Bunce; Roxana O. Carare; Usha Chakravarthy; Michelle Chan; David P. Crabb; Alexander Day; Parul Desai; Bal Dhillon; Cathy Egan; Sarah Ennis; Marcus Fruttiger; John E.J. Gallacher; David F. Garway-Heath; Jane Gibson; Dan Gore; Jeremy A. Guggenheim; Chris J. Hammond; Alison Hardcastle; Simon P. Harding; Ruth E. Hogg; Pirro Hysi; Pearse A. Keane; Gerassimos Lascaratos; Tom Macgillivray; Sarah Mackie; Michelle McGaughey; Bernadette McGuinness; Gareth J. McKay; Martin McKibbin; Tony Moore; James E. Morgan; Zaynah A. Muthy; Eoin O’Sullivan; Chris G. Owen; Euan Paterson; Axel Petzold; Jugnoo S. Rahi; Alicja R. Rudnikca; Jay Self; Sobha Sivaprasad; David Steel; Irene Stratton; Nicholas Strouthidis; Cathie Sudlow; Dhanes Thomas; Emanuele Trucco; Adnan Tufail; Veronique Vitart; Stephen A. Vernon; Ananth C. Viswanathan; Cathy Williams; Katie Williams; Jayne V. Woodside; Max M. Yates; Yalin Zheng

doi:10.1167/iovs.61.5.32

Ambient air pollution associations with retinal morphology in the UK Biobank

Sharon Y.L. Chua, Anthony P. Khawaja, Andrew D. Dick, James Morgan, Baljean Dhillon, Andrew J. Lotery, Nicholas G. Strouthidis, Charles Reisman, Tunde Peto, Peng T. Khaw, Paul J. Foster, Praveen J. Patel, Thomas Littlejohns, Naomi Allen, Eleni Beli, Denize Atan, Tariq Aslam, Sarah A. Barman, Jenny H. Barrett, Paul BishopCatey Bunce, Roxana O. Carare, Usha Chakravarthy, Michelle Chan, David P. Crabb, Alexander Day, Parul Desai, Bal Dhillon, Cathy Egan, Sarah Ennis, Marcus Fruttiger, John E.J. Gallacher, David F. Garway-Heath, Jane Gibson, Dan Gore, Jeremy A. Guggenheim, Chris J. Hammond, Alison Hardcastle, Simon P. Harding, Ruth E. Hogg, Pirro Hysi, Pearse A. Keane, Gerassimos Lascaratos, Tom Macgillivray, Sarah Mackie, Michelle McGaughey, Bernadette McGuinness, Gareth J. McKay, Martin McKibbin, Tony Moore, James E. Morgan, Zaynah A. Muthy, Eoin O’Sullivan, Chris G. Owen, Euan Paterson, Axel Petzold, Jugnoo S. Rahi, Alicja R. Rudnikca, Jay Self, Sobha Sivaprasad, David Steel, Irene Stratton, Nicholas Strouthidis, Cathie Sudlow, Dhanes Thomas, Emanuele Trucco, Adnan Tufail, Veronique Vitart, Stephen A. Vernon, Ananth C. Viswanathan, Cathy Williams, Katie Williams, Jayne V. Woodside, Max M. Yates, Yalin Zheng

School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences

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Abstract

PURPOSE. Because air pollution has been linked to glaucoma and AMD, we characterized the relationship between pollution and retinal structure.

METHODS. We examined data from 51,710 UK Biobank participants aged 40 to 69 years old. Ambient air pollution measures included particulates and nitrogen oxides. SD-OCT imaging measured seven retinal layers: retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer + outer nuclear layer, photoreceptor inner segments, photoreceptor outer segments, and RPE. Multivariable regression was used to evaluate associations between pollutants (per interquartile range increase) and retinal thickness, adjusting for age, sex, race, Townsend deprivation index, body mass index, smoking status, and refractive error.

RESULTS. Participants exposed to greater particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 μm (PM2.5) and higher nitrogen oxides were more likely to have thicker retinal nerve fiber layer (β = 0.28 μm; 95% CI, 0.22–0.34; P = 3.3 × 10−20 and β = 0.09 μm; 95% CI, 0.04–0.14; P = 2.4 × 10−4, respectively), and thinner ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, and outer plexiform layer + outer nuclear layer thicknesses (P < 0.001). Participants resident in areas of higher levels of PM2.5 absorbance were more likely to have thinner retinal nerve fiber layer, inner nuclear layer, and outer plexiform layer + outer nuclear layers (β = –0.16 [95% CI, –0.22 to –0.10; P = 5.7 × 10−8]; β = –0.09 [95% CI, –0.12 to –0.06; P = 2.2 × 10−12]; and β = –0.12 [95% CI, –0.19 to –0.05; P = 8.3 × 10−4], respectively).

CONCLUSIONS. Greater exposure to PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance, and nitrogen oxides were all associated with apparently adverse retinal structural features.

Original language	English
Article number	32
Number of pages	10
Journal	Investigative Opthalmology and Visual Science
Volume	61
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.61.5.32
Publication status	Published - 19 May 2020

Keywords

Air pollution
OCT
Retinal layers

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Ambient Air Pollution Associations with Retinal Morphology in the UK Biobank
© 2020 The Authors. This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the author and source are cited.
Final published version, 650 KBLicence: CC BY

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Chua, S. Y. L., Khawaja, A. P., Dick, A. D., Morgan, J., Dhillon, B., Lotery, A. J., Strouthidis, N. G., Reisman, C., Peto, T., Khaw, P. T., Foster, P. J., Patel, P. J., Littlejohns, T., Allen, N., Beli, E., Atan, D., Aslam, T., Barman, S. A., Barrett, J. H., ... Zheng, Y. (2020). Ambient air pollution associations with retinal morphology in the UK Biobank. Investigative Opthalmology and Visual Science, 61(5), Article 32. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.61.5.32

@article{1808cb9f617046f2b875266d5f7c26b6,

title = "Ambient air pollution associations with retinal morphology in the UK Biobank",

abstract = "PURPOSE. Because air pollution has been linked to glaucoma and AMD, we characterized the relationship between pollution and retinal structure. METHODS. We examined data from 51,710 UK Biobank participants aged 40 to 69 years old. Ambient air pollution measures included particulates and nitrogen oxides. SD-OCT imaging measured seven retinal layers: retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer + outer nuclear layer, photoreceptor inner segments, photoreceptor outer segments, and RPE. Multivariable regression was used to evaluate associations between pollutants (per interquartile range increase) and retinal thickness, adjusting for age, sex, race, Townsend deprivation index, body mass index, smoking status, and refractive error. RESULTS. Participants exposed to greater particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 μm (PM2.5) and higher nitrogen oxides were more likely to have thicker retinal nerve fiber layer (β = 0.28 μm; 95% CI, 0.22–0.34; P = 3.3 × 10−20 and β = 0.09 μm; 95% CI, 0.04–0.14; P = 2.4 × 10−4, respectively), and thinner ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, and outer plexiform layer + outer nuclear layer thicknesses (P < 0.001). Participants resident in areas of higher levels of PM2.5 absorbance were more likely to have thinner retinal nerve fiber layer, inner nuclear layer, and outer plexiform layer + outer nuclear layers (β = –0.16 [95% CI, –0.22 to –0.10; P = 5.7 × 10−8]; β = –0.09 [95% CI, –0.12 to –0.06; P = 2.2 × 10−12]; and β = –0.12 [95% CI, –0.19 to –0.05; P = 8.3 × 10−4], respectively). CONCLUSIONS. Greater exposure to PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance, and nitrogen oxides were all associated with apparently adverse retinal structural features.",

keywords = "Air pollution, OCT, Retinal layers",

author = "Chua, {Sharon Y.L.} and Khawaja, {Anthony P.} and Dick, {Andrew D.} and James Morgan and Baljean Dhillon and Lotery, {Andrew J.} and Strouthidis, {Nicholas G.} and Charles Reisman and Tunde Peto and Khaw, {Peng T.} and Foster, {Paul J.} and Patel, {Praveen J.} and Thomas Littlejohns and Naomi Allen and Eleni Beli and Denize Atan and Tariq Aslam and Barman, {Sarah A.} and Barrett, {Jenny H.} and Paul Bishop and Catey Bunce and Carare, {Roxana O.} and Usha Chakravarthy and Michelle Chan and Crabb, {David P.} and Alexander Day and Parul Desai and Bal Dhillon and Cathy Egan and Sarah Ennis and Marcus Fruttiger and Gallacher, {John E.J.} and Garway-Heath, {David F.} and Jane Gibson and Dan Gore and Guggenheim, {Jeremy A.} and Hammond, {Chris J.} and Alison Hardcastle and Harding, {Simon P.} and Hogg, {Ruth E.} and Pirro Hysi and Keane, {Pearse A.} and Gerassimos Lascaratos and Tom Macgillivray and Sarah Mackie and Michelle McGaughey and Bernadette McGuinness and McKay, {Gareth J.} and Martin McKibbin and Tony Moore and Morgan, {James E.} and Muthy, {Zaynah A.} and Eoin O{\textquoteright}Sullivan and Owen, {Chris G.} and Euan Paterson and Axel Petzold and Rahi, {Jugnoo S.} and Rudnikca, {Alicja R.} and Jay Self and Sobha Sivaprasad and David Steel and Irene Stratton and Nicholas Strouthidis and Cathie Sudlow and Dhanes Thomas and Emanuele Trucco and Adnan Tufail and Veronique Vitart and Vernon, {Stephen A.} and Viswanathan, {Ananth C.} and Cathy Williams and Katie Williams and Woodside, {Jayne V.} and Yates, {Max M.} and Yalin Zheng",

year = "2020",

month = may,

day = "19",

doi = "10.1167/iovs.61.5.32",

language = "English",

volume = "61",

journal = "Investigative Opthalmology and Visual Science",

issn = "0146-0404",

publisher = "Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Inc.",

number = "5",

}

Chua, SYL, Khawaja, AP, Dick, AD, Morgan, J, Dhillon, B, Lotery, AJ, Strouthidis, NG, Reisman, C, Peto, T, Khaw, PT, Foster, PJ, Patel, PJ, Littlejohns, T, Allen, N, Beli, E, Atan, D, Aslam, T, Barman, SA, Barrett, JH, Bishop, P, Bunce, C, Carare, RO, Chakravarthy, U, Chan, M, Crabb, DP, Day, A, Desai, P, Dhillon, B, Egan, C, Ennis, S, Fruttiger, M, Gallacher, JEJ, Garway-Heath, DF, Gibson, J, Gore, D, Guggenheim, JA, Hammond, CJ, Hardcastle, A, Harding, SP, Hogg, RE, Hysi, P, Keane, PA, Lascaratos, G, Macgillivray, T, Mackie, S, McGaughey, M, McGuinness, B , McKay, GJ, McKibbin, M, Moore, T, Morgan, JE, Muthy, ZA, O’Sullivan, E, Owen, CG, Paterson, E, Petzold, A, Rahi, JS, Rudnikca, AR, Self, J, Sivaprasad, S, Steel, D, Stratton, I, Strouthidis, N, Sudlow, C, Thomas, D, Trucco, E, Tufail, A, Vitart, V, Vernon, SA, Viswanathan, AC, Williams, C, Williams, K, Woodside, JV, Yates, MM & Zheng, Y 2020, 'Ambient air pollution associations with retinal morphology in the UK Biobank', Investigative Opthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 61, no. 5, 32. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.61.5.32

TY - JOUR

T1 - Ambient air pollution associations with retinal morphology in the UK Biobank

AU - Chua, Sharon Y.L.

AU - Khawaja, Anthony P.

AU - Dick, Andrew D.

AU - Morgan, James

AU - Dhillon, Baljean

AU - Lotery, Andrew J.

AU - Strouthidis, Nicholas G.

AU - Reisman, Charles

AU - Peto, Tunde

AU - Khaw, Peng T.

AU - Foster, Paul J.

AU - Patel, Praveen J.

AU - Littlejohns, Thomas

AU - Allen, Naomi

AU - Beli, Eleni

AU - Atan, Denize

AU - Aslam, Tariq

AU - Barman, Sarah A.

AU - Barrett, Jenny H.

AU - Bishop, Paul

AU - Bunce, Catey

AU - Carare, Roxana O.

AU - Chakravarthy, Usha

AU - Chan, Michelle

AU - Crabb, David P.

AU - Day, Alexander

AU - Desai, Parul

AU - Dhillon, Bal

AU - Egan, Cathy

AU - Ennis, Sarah

AU - Fruttiger, Marcus

AU - Gallacher, John E.J.

AU - Garway-Heath, David F.

AU - Gibson, Jane

AU - Gore, Dan

AU - Guggenheim, Jeremy A.

AU - Hammond, Chris J.

AU - Hardcastle, Alison

AU - Harding, Simon P.

AU - Hogg, Ruth E.

AU - Hysi, Pirro

AU - Keane, Pearse A.

AU - Lascaratos, Gerassimos

AU - Macgillivray, Tom

AU - Mackie, Sarah

AU - McGaughey, Michelle

AU - McGuinness, Bernadette

AU - McKay, Gareth J.

AU - McKibbin, Martin

AU - Moore, Tony

AU - Morgan, James E.

AU - Muthy, Zaynah A.

AU - O’Sullivan, Eoin

AU - Owen, Chris G.

AU - Paterson, Euan

AU - Petzold, Axel

AU - Rahi, Jugnoo S.

AU - Rudnikca, Alicja R.

AU - Self, Jay

AU - Sivaprasad, Sobha

AU - Steel, David

AU - Stratton, Irene

AU - Strouthidis, Nicholas

AU - Sudlow, Cathie

AU - Thomas, Dhanes

AU - Trucco, Emanuele

AU - Tufail, Adnan

AU - Vitart, Veronique

AU - Vernon, Stephen A.

AU - Viswanathan, Ananth C.

AU - Williams, Cathy

AU - Williams, Katie

AU - Woodside, Jayne V.

AU - Yates, Max M.

AU - Zheng, Yalin

PY - 2020/5/19

Y1 - 2020/5/19

N2 - PURPOSE. Because air pollution has been linked to glaucoma and AMD, we characterized the relationship between pollution and retinal structure. METHODS. We examined data from 51,710 UK Biobank participants aged 40 to 69 years old. Ambient air pollution measures included particulates and nitrogen oxides. SD-OCT imaging measured seven retinal layers: retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer + outer nuclear layer, photoreceptor inner segments, photoreceptor outer segments, and RPE. Multivariable regression was used to evaluate associations between pollutants (per interquartile range increase) and retinal thickness, adjusting for age, sex, race, Townsend deprivation index, body mass index, smoking status, and refractive error. RESULTS. Participants exposed to greater particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 μm (PM2.5) and higher nitrogen oxides were more likely to have thicker retinal nerve fiber layer (β = 0.28 μm; 95% CI, 0.22–0.34; P = 3.3 × 10−20 and β = 0.09 μm; 95% CI, 0.04–0.14; P = 2.4 × 10−4, respectively), and thinner ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, and outer plexiform layer + outer nuclear layer thicknesses (P < 0.001). Participants resident in areas of higher levels of PM2.5 absorbance were more likely to have thinner retinal nerve fiber layer, inner nuclear layer, and outer plexiform layer + outer nuclear layers (β = –0.16 [95% CI, –0.22 to –0.10; P = 5.7 × 10−8]; β = –0.09 [95% CI, –0.12 to –0.06; P = 2.2 × 10−12]; and β = –0.12 [95% CI, –0.19 to –0.05; P = 8.3 × 10−4], respectively). CONCLUSIONS. Greater exposure to PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance, and nitrogen oxides were all associated with apparently adverse retinal structural features.

AB - PURPOSE. Because air pollution has been linked to glaucoma and AMD, we characterized the relationship between pollution and retinal structure. METHODS. We examined data from 51,710 UK Biobank participants aged 40 to 69 years old. Ambient air pollution measures included particulates and nitrogen oxides. SD-OCT imaging measured seven retinal layers: retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer + outer nuclear layer, photoreceptor inner segments, photoreceptor outer segments, and RPE. Multivariable regression was used to evaluate associations between pollutants (per interquartile range increase) and retinal thickness, adjusting for age, sex, race, Townsend deprivation index, body mass index, smoking status, and refractive error. RESULTS. Participants exposed to greater particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 μm (PM2.5) and higher nitrogen oxides were more likely to have thicker retinal nerve fiber layer (β = 0.28 μm; 95% CI, 0.22–0.34; P = 3.3 × 10−20 and β = 0.09 μm; 95% CI, 0.04–0.14; P = 2.4 × 10−4, respectively), and thinner ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, and outer plexiform layer + outer nuclear layer thicknesses (P < 0.001). Participants resident in areas of higher levels of PM2.5 absorbance were more likely to have thinner retinal nerve fiber layer, inner nuclear layer, and outer plexiform layer + outer nuclear layers (β = –0.16 [95% CI, –0.22 to –0.10; P = 5.7 × 10−8]; β = –0.09 [95% CI, –0.12 to –0.06; P = 2.2 × 10−12]; and β = –0.12 [95% CI, –0.19 to –0.05; P = 8.3 × 10−4], respectively). CONCLUSIONS. Greater exposure to PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance, and nitrogen oxides were all associated with apparently adverse retinal structural features.

KW - Air pollution

KW - OCT

KW - Retinal layers

U2 - 10.1167/iovs.61.5.32

DO - 10.1167/iovs.61.5.32

M3 - Article

C2 - 32428233

SN - 0146-0404

VL - 61

JO - Investigative Opthalmology and Visual Science

JF - Investigative Opthalmology and Visual Science

IS - 5

M1 - 32

ER -

Ambient air pollution associations with retinal morphology in the UK Biobank

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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