Anthocyanin Intake and Physical Activity: Associations with the Lipid Profile of a US Working Population

While growing evidence exists on the independent associations between anthocyanins and physical activity on CVD risk determinants, the possible interaction between these exposures has not yet been studied. We aimed to study the potential synergism between anthocyanin intake and physical activity on lipid profile measures. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 249 US career firefighters participating in the Feeding America’s Bravest trial. Anthocyanin intake was calculated using a validated food frequency questionnaire and physical activity level by a validated questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression models determined the extent to which anthocyanin intake and physical activity predicted lipid parameters. Multivariable logistic regression models were used for joint effect and interaction analyses on the multiplicative and additive scales. Both anthocyanins and physical activity were independently inversely associated with total cholesterol:HDL. Only physical activity was inversely associated with triglycerides, LDL:HDL, and TG:HDL. Although the combined exposure of low anthocyanin intake and low physical activity was associated with lower (OR=4.03; 95%CI: 1.64 to 9.92) HDL cholesterol<40mg/dL, neither multiplicative (p=0.79) nor additive interactions were detected (Relative Excess Risk due to Interaction: 0.44; 95%CI:-2.72 to 3.60; p=0.78). Our findings provide insight on the potential synergism between anthocyanin intake and physical activity on lipid profile.