Architectural investigation of urban villages in Shenzhen and Wuhan in relation to rural-urban Chinese migration

This paper explores the architectural dynamics and societal implications of urban villages in Shenzhen and Wuhan within the context of rural-urban Chinese migration. Authors Yulei Wang and Gul Kacmaz Erk investigate the evolving landscape of urban villages amidst China's rapid urbanisation since the 1980s. Focusing on the unique architectural practices within these informal settlements, the paper delves into the challenges faced by urban villages, particularly in the face of redevelopment initiatives that threaten their existence.

The background section traces the origin of the term "Urban Village" and highlights its emergence as a response to population movements and rural-urban policies in China. Despite the negative perceptions stemming from unregulated expansion, these villages play a vital role in providing affordable housing for low-income migrant workers. The paper emphasises the significance of informal architecture as a bottom-up approach contributing to spatial justice and community diversity in urban development.

Examining the dimensions of urban regulation, the paper distinguishes urban villages from slums, showcasing the complex interplay of state ownership and informal urbanisation. The basic space form analysis contrasts the high-density, self-built structures of urban villages with formal urban spaces. The study then delves into two case studies: Baishizhou in Shenzhen and Huaanli in Wuhan, providing detailed insights into the architectural forms, economic dynamics, and challenges faced by these urban villages.

Baishizhou, located in the bustling Nanshan district of Shenzhen, serves as a microcosm of affordable housing juxtaposed against rising living costs. The paper elucidates the architectural nuances, spatial functionalities, and societal significance of this urban village. Meanwhile, Huaanli in Wuhan is described as the city's largest urban village, characterised by its isolation and affordability. The paper examines the employment opportunities and challenges posed by Huaanli's unique characteristics.

The conclusion critically evaluates the prevailing trend of demolition-based urban village redevelopment, emphasising its potential adverse effects on the rights and livelihoods of migrants and urban economies. The paper advocates for a more comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach in redevelopment practices, acknowledging the importance of sociological considerations alongside architectural and planning perspectives. Ultimately, the research contends that urban villages, despite their informal nature, offer valuable examples of bottom-up urbanisation in contemporary Chinese cities, challenging traditional top-down urban development methods.