Baseline dietary intake of adults with overweight and obesity at risk of cardiovascular disease, assessed by the Prime Diet Quality Score, on the island of Ireland – the PAD-Q study

Marina Ferrari, Sarah F. Brennan, Teresa Grohmann, Aoife Courtney, Lorraine Brennan, Jayne V. Woodside

Research output: Contribution to journalMeeting abstractpeer-review

Abstract

Recent dietary guidelines to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) focus on food groups, dietary patterns, and diet quality. The PAD-Q intervention aims to use a personalised feedback system to improve diet quality and therefore cardiometabolic health. The PAD-Q system was based on the Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS), in conjunction with dietary biomarkers. Baseline dietary intake of PAD-Q study participants is explored here.

The PAD-Q study is a six-month, parallel, randomised, controlled, single-blinded intervention, being conducted at Queen’s University Belfast and University College Dublin. Adults with BMI > 25 kg/m2, at risk of CVD, and with low PDQS score (≤21 out of 42) were recruited. Diet quality was assessed using the 21-item PDQS where frequencies of food group intake ranged from less than once/week to twice/day or more. Daily or weekly intake of food groups was determined and compared with current UK and ROI dietary guidelines.

The PAD-Q study recruited 149 participants (71% females). Mean (±SD) age was 49 ± 12 y. BMI classified 70.5% of the group with obesity. Total PDQS score at baseline was 16 ± 4 points. The sample had a low intake of fruit and vegetables, where only 7% reached an intake of at least 3 portions/day. Legumes were consumed once/week or less by 79% of the sample. No one met the five-a-day fruit and vegetable recommendation. Nuts were consumed daily by 4% of the sample. In terms of fish intake, 16% reached the minimum recommendation of 2 portions/week. Whole-milk dairy products were consumed by 50% of the sample on a daily basis. Intake of high-sugar foods/beverages was more than one portion/day in 52% of the sample. Processed meat and high-fat foods were consumed at least twice a week by 62% and 50% of the sample.

The main contributors to low diet quality in this population were low intakes of fish, nuts, legumes, fruit and vegetables, and high intakes of whole-milk dairy products, high-sugar foods, processed meat and high-fat foods. The efficiency of personalised dietary feedback systems to improve diet quality in this population will be determined in future analysis.

Original languageEnglish
Article numberP17
Pages (from-to)23-24
JournalInternational Journal of Obesity
Volume48
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 23 Jan 2024
Event8th UK Congress on Obesity 2023 - Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
Duration: 14 Sept 202315 Sept 2023

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