Abstract
To evaluate the contaminated conditions of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and phenanthrene (PA) in sludge and to ascertain whether B[a]P limit for land application of sludge exists, the contents of B[a]P and PA in 46 sludge samples from 15 cities in the Yangtze River Delta area of China were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a fluorescence detector after ultrasonic extraction and silica gel cleanup. B[a]P contents ranged from non-detectable to 1.693 mg kg−1 dry weight (DW), averaged 0.402 mg kg−1 DW, and were < 1.0 mg kg−1 DW in most of the sludge samples. PA was found in all the sludge samples analyzed; its contents ranged between 0.028 and 1.355 mg kg−1 DW, with an average value of 0.298 mg kg−1 DW. Most of the sludge samples contained < 0.5 mg kg−1 DW PA. All 46 municipal sludge samples analyzed in this study showed B[a]P contents < 3.0 mg kg−1 DW, which is the limit value for sludge applied to agricultural lands in China. The contents and distributions of B[a]P and PA in municipal sludge were related to sludge types, sources and treatment technologies, along with the physical and chemical properties of these pollutants.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 523-531 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Pedosphere |
Volume | 19 |
Issue number | 4 |
Early online date | 11 Jul 2009 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Aug 2009 |
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Soil Science