Bird’s-eye view on the automotive cybersecurity landscape and challenges in adopting AI/ML

Fahad Siddiqui; Rafiullah Khan; Sakir Sezer

doi:10.1109/FMEC54266.2021.9732568

Bird’s-eye view on the automotive cybersecurity landscape and challenges in adopting AI/ML

Fahad Siddiqui
, Rafiullah Khan
, Sakir Sezer

School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

14 Citations (Scopus)

1335 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

The integration of intelligent functionalities in connected and autonomous automotive system has great potential to deliver personalised user experience and improve traffic management. It can benefit the society by improving highway capacity and safety of road users. The adoption of data-driven Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning models in the automotive sector is opening venues to new services and business models such as autonomous fleet management, self-driving trucks, robotaxi etc. However, where the sharing of mix-critical data brings opportunities, it simultaneously presents serious cybersecurity and functional safety risks. In recent years, the cyber attacks have impacted every segment of automotive system including electronic control unit, infotainment, communications, firmware, mobile apps etc. This adoption of AI and ML as enabling technology for next-generation autonomous transportation systems is going to significantly widen the automotive attack surface. This trend has increasing tendency of exposing both vehicle and road-side infrastructure to a wide range of sophisticated cyber attacks. This paper aims to review and build a body of knowledge on the topic of automotive cybersecurity, by bridging a domain-specific knowledge gap among automotive system designers, engineers and system security architects. For this purpose, it discuss the autonomous driving system data processing pipeline and threat analysis and risk assessment process of automotive cybersecurity standard ISO/SAE 21434 to harness and harden automotive cybersecurity. It highlights automotive system architectural and ecosystem challenges in adopting AI and ML driven decision making.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	2021 Sixth International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing (FMEC 2021)
Editors	Nabil Abdennadher, Elhadj Benkhelifa, Jaime Mauri Lloret, Yaser Jararweh
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Pages	1-6
Number of pages	6
ISBN (Electronic)	9781665458702
ISBN (Print)	978-1-6654-5871-9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/FMEC54266.2021.9732568
Publication status	Published - 16 Mar 2022
Event	6th International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing, FMEC 2021 - Virtual, Gandia, Spain Duration: 06 Dec 2021 → 09 Dec 2021

Publication series

Name	2021 6th International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing, FMEC 2021

Conference

Conference	6th International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing, FMEC 2021
Country/Territory	Spain
City	Virtual, Gandia
Period	06/12/2021 → 09/12/2021

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 8 Decent Work and Economic Growth
SDG 9 Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
SDG 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities
SDG 16 Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions
SDG 17 Partnerships for the Goals

Keywords

Autonomous Systems
AUTOSAR Adaptive
AUTOSAR Classic
Cybersecurity Engineering
Functional Safety
ISO/SAE 21433
Threat Analysis and Risk Assessment (TARA)

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Computer Science Applications
Hardware and Architecture
Information Systems and Management
Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
Computer Networks and Communications

Access to Document

10.1109/FMEC54266.2021.9732568Licence: Unspecified

Bird’s-eye view on the automotive cybersecurity landscape and challenges in adopting AI/ML
© 2021 IEEE. This work is made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher.
Accepted author manuscript, 4.32 MBLicence: Unspecified

R6656ECS: X-by-Construction Design framework for Engineering Autonomous & Distributed Real-time Embedded Software Systems’ — ‘XANDAR
Sezer, S. (PI), Garousi, V. (CoI) & McLaughlin, K. (CoI)
02/12/2020 → …
Project: Research

1 Membership of national or international committees and working groups
1 Invited or keynote talk at national or international conference
1 Oral presentation

Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) (External organisation)
Siddiqui, F. (Advisor)
Oct 2023
Activity: Membership types › Membership of national or international committees and working groups
Cybersecurity engineering: bridging the security gaps in advanced automotive systems and ISO/SAE 21434
Siddiqui, F. (Advisor)
22 Jun 2023
Activity: Talk or presentation types › Oral presentation
Cybersecurity Engineering of Safety-critical Embedded Systems
Siddiqui, F. (Advisor)
17 Jan 2023
Activity: Talk or presentation types › Invited or keynote talk at national or international conference

Cybersecurity engineering: bridging the security gaps in avionic architectures and DO-326A/ED-202A
Siddiqui, F., Ahlbrecht, A., Khan, R., Yengec Tasdemir, S., Hui, H., Sonigara, B., Sezer, S., McLaughlin, K., Zaeske, W. & Durak, U., 10 Nov 2023, 2023 AIAA/IEEE 42nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC): proceedings. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 9 p. (AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC): Proceedings).
Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Open Access
File
3 Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

491 Downloads (Pure)
XANDAR: A holistic cybersecurity engineering process for safety-critical and cyber-physical systems
Siddiqui, F., Khan, R., Sezer, S., McLaughlin, K., Masing, L., Dörr, T., Schade, F., Becker, J., Ahlbrecht, A., Zaeske, W., Durak, U., Adler, N., Sailer, A., Weber, R., Wilhelm, T., Nemeth, G., Morales, V., Gomez, P., Keramidas, G. & Antonopoulos, C. P. & 5 others, Mavropoulos, M., Kelefouras, V., Panagiotou, C., Karadimas, D. & Voros, N., 25 Aug 2022, IEEE 95th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2022-Spring): Proceedings. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 5 p. (Vehicular Technology Conference: Proceedings).
Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Open Access
File
5 Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

206 Downloads (Pure)
XANDAR: exploiting the X-by-construction paradigm in model-based development of safety-critical systems
Masing, L., Dorr, T., Schade, F., Becker, J., Keramidas, G., Antonopoulos, C. P., Mavropoulos, M., Tiganourias, E., Kelefouras, V., Antonopoulos, K., Voros, N., Durak, U., Ahlbrecht, A., Zaeske, W., Panagiotou, C., Karadimas, D., Adler, N., Sailer, A., Weber, R. & Wilhelm, T. & 6 others, Nemeth, G., Siddiqui, F., Khan, R., Garousi, V., Sezer, S. & Morales, V., 19 May 2022, Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition, DATE 2022: Proceedings. Bolchini, C., Verbauwhede, I. & Vatajelu, I. (eds.). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., p. 814-818 5 p. (Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE): Proceedings).
Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution
18 Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

Cite this

Siddiqui, F., Khan, R., & Sezer, S. (2022). Bird’s-eye view on the automotive cybersecurity landscape and challenges in adopting AI/ML. In N. Abdennadher, E. Benkhelifa, J. M. Lloret, & Y. Jararweh (Eds.), 2021 Sixth International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing (FMEC 2021) (pp. 1-6). (2021 6th International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing, FMEC 2021). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. https://doi.org/10.1109/FMEC54266.2021.9732568

Siddiqui, Fahad ; Khan, Rafiullah ; Sezer, Sakir. / Bird’s-eye view on the automotive cybersecurity landscape and challenges in adopting AI/ML. 2021 Sixth International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing (FMEC 2021). editor / Nabil Abdennadher ; Elhadj Benkhelifa ; Jaime Mauri Lloret ; Yaser Jararweh. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022. pp. 1-6 (2021 6th International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing, FMEC 2021).

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title = "Bird{\textquoteright}s-eye view on the automotive cybersecurity landscape and challenges in adopting AI/ML",

abstract = "The integration of intelligent functionalities in connected and autonomous automotive system has great potential to deliver personalised user experience and improve traffic management. It can benefit the society by improving highway capacity and safety of road users. The adoption of data-driven Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning models in the automotive sector is opening venues to new services and business models such as autonomous fleet management, self-driving trucks, robotaxi etc. However, where the sharing of mix-critical data brings opportunities, it simultaneously presents serious cybersecurity and functional safety risks. In recent years, the cyber attacks have impacted every segment of automotive system including electronic control unit, infotainment, communications, firmware, mobile apps etc. This adoption of AI and ML as enabling technology for next-generation autonomous transportation systems is going to significantly widen the automotive attack surface. This trend has increasing tendency of exposing both vehicle and road-side infrastructure to a wide range of sophisticated cyber attacks. This paper aims to review and build a body of knowledge on the topic of automotive cybersecurity, by bridging a domain-specific knowledge gap among automotive system designers, engineers and system security architects. For this purpose, it discuss the autonomous driving system data processing pipeline and threat analysis and risk assessment process of automotive cybersecurity standard ISO/SAE 21434 to harness and harden automotive cybersecurity. It highlights automotive system architectural and ecosystem challenges in adopting AI and ML driven decision making.",

keywords = "Autonomous Systems, AUTOSAR Adaptive, AUTOSAR Classic, Cybersecurity Engineering, Functional Safety, ISO/SAE 21433, Threat Analysis and Risk Assessment (TARA)",

author = "Fahad Siddiqui and Rafiullah Khan and Sakir Sezer",

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Siddiqui, F, Khan, R & Sezer, S 2022, Bird’s-eye view on the automotive cybersecurity landscape and challenges in adopting AI/ML. in N Abdennadher, E Benkhelifa, JM Lloret & Y Jararweh (eds), 2021 Sixth International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing (FMEC 2021). 2021 6th International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing, FMEC 2021, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., pp. 1-6, 6th International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing, FMEC 2021, Virtual, Gandia, Spain, 06/12/2021. https://doi.org/10.1109/FMEC54266.2021.9732568

Bird’s-eye view on the automotive cybersecurity landscape and challenges in adopting AI/ML. / Siddiqui, Fahad; Khan, Rafiullah; Sezer, Sakir.
2021 Sixth International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing (FMEC 2021). ed. / Nabil Abdennadher; Elhadj Benkhelifa; Jaime Mauri Lloret; Yaser Jararweh. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022. p. 1-6 (2021 6th International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing, FMEC 2021).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

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Siddiqui F, Khan R, Sezer S. Bird’s-eye view on the automotive cybersecurity landscape and challenges in adopting AI/ML. In Abdennadher N, Benkhelifa E, Lloret JM, Jararweh Y, editors, 2021 Sixth International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing (FMEC 2021). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 2022. p. 1-6. (2021 6th International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing, FMEC 2021). doi: 10.1109/FMEC54266.2021.9732568

Bird’s-eye view on the automotive cybersecurity landscape and challenges in adopting AI/ML

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

UN SDGs

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

Fingerprint

Projects

R6656ECS: X-by-Construction Design framework for Engineering Autonomous & Distributed Real-time Embedded Software Systems’ — ‘XANDAR

Activities

Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) (External organisation)

Cybersecurity engineering: bridging the security gaps in advanced automotive systems and ISO/SAE 21434

Cybersecurity Engineering of Safety-critical Embedded Systems

Research output

Cybersecurity engineering: bridging the security gaps in avionic architectures and DO-326A/ED-202A

XANDAR: A holistic cybersecurity engineering process for safety-critical and cyber-physical systems

XANDAR: exploiting the X-by-construction paradigm in model-based development of safety-critical systems

Cite this