Conversion of waste into sustainable construction materials: a review of recent developments and prospects

The production and use of traditional building materials contribute to environmental pollution and natural resource depletion. Besides, disposal of agricultural, industrial, and construction waste and other solid wastes is a significant contemporary for both developing and developed countries. Consequently, this study comprehensively examines sustainable construction materials (SCMs) sourced from waste materials. It analyzes 190 peer-reviewed papers, evaluating their properties, engineering suitability, and their impacts on the environment, economy, and society. Findings reveal that most SCMs have good engineering performance, yet improvements are needed in demonstrating their environmental (33.3%), economic (40%), and social sustainability (73.3%). Also, most SCMs are in experimental stages, requiring further research on human toxicity, long-term savings, maintenance costs, and other vital indicators. This review highlights some of the current challenges facing SCMs to promote their further studies, reduce non-renewable energy consumption and solid waste recycling, and facilitate their application in green buildings.