Freeze-dried Nannochloropsis oceanica biomass protects eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from metabolization in the rumen of lambs

Ana C.M. Vítor; Alexandra E. Francisco; Joana Silva; Mário Pinho; Sharon A. Huws; José Santos-Silva; Rui J.B. Bessa; Susana P. Alves

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-01255-w

Freeze-dried Nannochloropsis oceanica biomass protects eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from metabolization in the rumen of lambs

Ana C.M. Vítor, Alexandra E. Francisco, Joana Silva, Mário Pinho, Sharon A. Huws, José Santos-Silva, Rui J.B. Bessa, Susana P. Alves^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from freeze-dried biomass of Nannochloropsis oceanica microalgae resists ruminal biohydrogenation in vitro, but in vivo demonstration is needed. Therefore, the present study was designed to test the rumen protective effects of N. oceanica in lambs. Twenty-eight lambs were assigned to one of four diets: Control (C); and C diets supplemented with: 1.2% Nannochloropsis sp. oil (O); 12.3% spray-dried N. oceanica (SD); or 9.2% N. oceanica (FD), to achieve 3 g EPA /kg dry matter. Lambs were slaughtered after 3 weeks and digestive contents and ruminal wall samples were collected. EPA concentration in the rumen of lambs fed FD was about 50% higher than lambs fed SD or O diets. Nevertheless, the high levels of EPA in cecum and faeces of animals fed N. oceanica biomass, independently of the drying method, suggests that EPA was not completely released and absorbed in the small intestine. Furthermore, supplementation with EPA sources also affected the ruminal biohydrogenation of C18 fatty acids, mitigating the shift from the t10 biohydrogenation pathways to the t11 pathways compared to the Control diet. Overall, our results demonstrate that FD N. oceanica biomass is a natural rumen-protected source of EPA to ruminants.

Original language	English
Article number	21878
Journal	Scientific Reports
Volume	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01255-w
Publication status	Published - 08 Nov 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This research was funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) through the PhD grant SFRH/ BD/136609/2018 awarded to ACM Vítor, the research contract to SPA (DL 57/2016/CP1438/CT0008), and the research projects PTDC/CAL-ZOO/29654/2017 and UIDB/00276/2020. The authors acknowledge the collaboration of Instituto Superior de Agronomia – University of Lisbon, namely Cátia Martins and David Santos for helping with the microalgae processing and Ana Mónica Godinho for helping with the animal’s management. The authors also acknowledge INIAV staff for the support in animal management, slaughter and chemical analysis.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s).

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Freeze-dried Nannochloropsis oceanica biomass protects eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from metabolization in the rumen of lambs
Copyright 2021 the authors. This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the author and source are cited.
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title = "Freeze-dried Nannochloropsis oceanica biomass protects eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from metabolization in the rumen of lambs",

abstract = "Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from freeze-dried biomass of Nannochloropsis oceanica microalgae resists ruminal biohydrogenation in vitro, but in vivo demonstration is needed. Therefore, the present study was designed to test the rumen protective effects of N. oceanica in lambs. Twenty-eight lambs were assigned to one of four diets: Control (C); and C diets supplemented with: 1.2% Nannochloropsis sp. oil (O); 12.3% spray-dried N. oceanica (SD); or 9.2% N. oceanica (FD), to achieve 3 g EPA /kg dry matter. Lambs were slaughtered after 3 weeks and digestive contents and ruminal wall samples were collected. EPA concentration in the rumen of lambs fed FD was about 50% higher than lambs fed SD or O diets. Nevertheless, the high levels of EPA in cecum and faeces of animals fed N. oceanica biomass, independently of the drying method, suggests that EPA was not completely released and absorbed in the small intestine. Furthermore, supplementation with EPA sources also affected the ruminal biohydrogenation of C18 fatty acids, mitigating the shift from the t10 biohydrogenation pathways to the t11 pathways compared to the Control diet. Overall, our results demonstrate that FD N. oceanica biomass is a natural rumen-protected source of EPA to ruminants.",

author = "V{\'i}tor, {Ana C.M.} and Francisco, {Alexandra E.} and Joana Silva and M{\'a}rio Pinho and Huws, {Sharon A.} and Jos{\'e} Santos-Silva and Bessa, {Rui J.B.} and Alves, {Susana P.}",

note = "Funding Information: This research was funded by the Funda{\c c}{\~a}o para a Ci{\^e}ncia e Tecnologia (FCT) through the PhD grant SFRH/ BD/136609/2018 awarded to ACM V{\'i}tor, the research contract to SPA (DL 57/2016/CP1438/CT0008), and the research projects PTDC/CAL-ZOO/29654/2017 and UIDB/00276/2020. The authors acknowledge the collaboration of Instituto Superior de Agronomia – University of Lisbon, namely C{\'a}tia Martins and David Santos for helping with the microalgae processing and Ana M{\'o}nica Godinho for helping with the animal{\textquoteright}s management. The authors also acknowledge INIAV staff for the support in animal management, slaughter and chemical analysis. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021, The Author(s).",

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doi = "10.1038/s41598-021-01255-w",

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AU - Francisco, Alexandra E.

AU - Silva, Joana

AU - Pinho, Mário

AU - Huws, Sharon A.

AU - Santos-Silva, José

AU - Bessa, Rui J.B.

AU - Alves, Susana P.

N1 - Funding Information: This research was funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) through the PhD grant SFRH/ BD/136609/2018 awarded to ACM Vítor, the research contract to SPA (DL 57/2016/CP1438/CT0008), and the research projects PTDC/CAL-ZOO/29654/2017 and UIDB/00276/2020. The authors acknowledge the collaboration of Instituto Superior de Agronomia – University of Lisbon, namely Cátia Martins and David Santos for helping with the microalgae processing and Ana Mónica Godinho for helping with the animal’s management. The authors also acknowledge INIAV staff for the support in animal management, slaughter and chemical analysis. Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s).

PY - 2021/11/8

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N2 - Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from freeze-dried biomass of Nannochloropsis oceanica microalgae resists ruminal biohydrogenation in vitro, but in vivo demonstration is needed. Therefore, the present study was designed to test the rumen protective effects of N. oceanica in lambs. Twenty-eight lambs were assigned to one of four diets: Control (C); and C diets supplemented with: 1.2% Nannochloropsis sp. oil (O); 12.3% spray-dried N. oceanica (SD); or 9.2% N. oceanica (FD), to achieve 3 g EPA /kg dry matter. Lambs were slaughtered after 3 weeks and digestive contents and ruminal wall samples were collected. EPA concentration in the rumen of lambs fed FD was about 50% higher than lambs fed SD or O diets. Nevertheless, the high levels of EPA in cecum and faeces of animals fed N. oceanica biomass, independently of the drying method, suggests that EPA was not completely released and absorbed in the small intestine. Furthermore, supplementation with EPA sources also affected the ruminal biohydrogenation of C18 fatty acids, mitigating the shift from the t10 biohydrogenation pathways to the t11 pathways compared to the Control diet. Overall, our results demonstrate that FD N. oceanica biomass is a natural rumen-protected source of EPA to ruminants.

AB - Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from freeze-dried biomass of Nannochloropsis oceanica microalgae resists ruminal biohydrogenation in vitro, but in vivo demonstration is needed. Therefore, the present study was designed to test the rumen protective effects of N. oceanica in lambs. Twenty-eight lambs were assigned to one of four diets: Control (C); and C diets supplemented with: 1.2% Nannochloropsis sp. oil (O); 12.3% spray-dried N. oceanica (SD); or 9.2% N. oceanica (FD), to achieve 3 g EPA /kg dry matter. Lambs were slaughtered after 3 weeks and digestive contents and ruminal wall samples were collected. EPA concentration in the rumen of lambs fed FD was about 50% higher than lambs fed SD or O diets. Nevertheless, the high levels of EPA in cecum and faeces of animals fed N. oceanica biomass, independently of the drying method, suggests that EPA was not completely released and absorbed in the small intestine. Furthermore, supplementation with EPA sources also affected the ruminal biohydrogenation of C18 fatty acids, mitigating the shift from the t10 biohydrogenation pathways to the t11 pathways compared to the Control diet. Overall, our results demonstrate that FD N. oceanica biomass is a natural rumen-protected source of EPA to ruminants.

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DO - 10.1038/s41598-021-01255-w

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85118601658

VL - 11

JO - Scientific Reports

JF - Scientific Reports

SN - 2045-2322

M1 - 21878

ER -

Freeze-dried Nannochloropsis oceanica biomass protects eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from metabolization in the rumen of lambs

Abstract

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