Healthcare professionals’ perceptions of family centred care in neonatal intensive care units: A qualitative thematic synthesis

Background: Family-centred care is considered the gold standard in health care and despite a consensus about the benefits of this care for both critically ill infants and their parents, healthcare professionals in neonatal intensive care units often have difficulty implementing this care model consistently. 

Aim: To explore healthcare providers' perceptions of factors influencing implementation of family-centred care in neonatal intensive care units. 

Design: Qualitative thematic synthesis method.

Method: The systematic search of the literature was performed following PRISMA guidelines. Primary studies were identified from five databases, and full-text studies included in the review were assessed for quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI, 2017) checklist.

 Results: Ten relevant primary qualitative studies were identified and included in the review. Two main analytical themes were identified: first challenges related to the NICU's culture including lack of clear policies, inadequate facilities, staffing, communication difficulties, and a lack of training and education for staff and parents, and second challenges related to parental roles and obligations. 

Conclusion: The review highlights significant challenges and facilitators within the NICU environment, emphasizing the need for clear FCC policies, improved facilities, adequate staffing, and enhanced training and communication for both staff and parents. The findings underscore the complexities of parental roles, suggesting a critical need for better support and resources to help parents navigate their responsibilities effectively. Impact statement: Incorporating family-centred care concepts in clinical practice through integrating guidelines and comprehensive staff training will significantly enhance family involvement. Addressing infrastructure deficiencies and resource shortages will minimize barriers for active family engagement, creating a more supportive environment for parents to be part of their infant care ultimately leading to better infant health outcomes.