History of primary-series and booster vaccination and protection against Omicron reinfection

Hiam Chemaitelly; Houssein H. Ayoub; Patrick Tang; Peter V. Coyle; Hadi M. Yassine; Asmaa A. Al Thani; Hebah A. Al-Khatib; Mohammad R. Hasan; Zaina Al-Kanaani; Einas Al-Kuwari; Andrew Jeremijenko; Anvar Hassan Kaleeckal; Ali Nizar Latif; Riyazuddin Mohammad Shaik; Hanan F. Abdul-Rahim; Gheyath K. Nasrallah; Mohamed Ghaith Al-Kuwari; Adeel A. Butt; Hamad Eid Al-Romaihi; Mohamed H. Al-Thani; Abdullatif Al-Khal; Roberto Bertollini; Laith J. Abu-Raddad

doi:10.1126/sciadv.adh0761

History of primary-series and booster vaccination and protection against Omicron reinfection

Hiam Chemaitelly, Houssein H. Ayoub, Patrick Tang, Peter V. Coyle, Hadi M. Yassine, Asmaa A. Al Thani, Hebah A. Al-Khatib, Mohammad R. Hasan, Zaina Al-Kanaani, Einas Al-Kuwari, Andrew Jeremijenko, Anvar Hassan Kaleeckal, Ali Nizar Latif, Riyazuddin Mohammad Shaik, Hanan F. Abdul-Rahim, Gheyath K. Nasrallah, Mohamed Ghaith Al-Kuwari, Adeel A. Butt, Hamad Eid Al-Romaihi, Mohamed H. Al-ThaniAbdullatif Al-Khal, Roberto Bertollini, Laith J. Abu-Raddad

School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences

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Abstract

Laboratory evidence suggests a possibility of immune imprinting for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We investigated the differences in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in a cohort of persons who had a primary Omicron infection, but different vaccination histories using matched, national, retrospective, cohort studies. Adjusted hazard ratio for reinfection incidence, factoring adjustment for differences in testing rate, was 0.43 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.39 to 0.49] comparing history of two-dose vaccination to no vaccination, 1.47 (95% CI: 1.23 to 1.76) comparing history of three-dose vaccination to two-dose vaccination, and 0.57 (95% CI: 0.48 to 0.68) comparing history of three-dose vaccination to no vaccination. Divergence in cumulative incidence curves increased markedly when the incidence was dominated by BA.4/BA.5 and BA.2.75* Omicron subvariants. The history of primary-series vaccination enhanced immune protection against Omicron reinfection, but history of booster vaccination compromised protection against Omicron reinfection. These findings do not undermine the public health utility of booster vaccination.

Original language	English
Article number	adh0761
Number of pages	14
Journal	Science Advances
Volume	9
Issue number	40
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adh0761
Publication status	Published - 06 Oct 2023

Keywords

Multidisciplinary

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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History of primary-series and booster vaccination and protection against Omicron reinfection
Copyright 2023 the authors. This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the author and source are cited.
Final published version, 1.93 MBLicence: CC BY

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Chemaitelly, H., Ayoub, H. H., Tang, P., Coyle, P. V., Yassine, H. M., Al Thani, A. A., Al-Khatib, H. A., Hasan, M. R., Al-Kanaani, Z., Al-Kuwari, E., Jeremijenko, A., Kaleeckal, A. H., Latif, A. N., Shaik, R. M., Abdul-Rahim, H. F., Nasrallah, G. K., Al-Kuwari, M. G., Butt, A. A., Al-Romaihi, H. E., ... Abu-Raddad, L. J. (2023). History of primary-series and booster vaccination and protection against Omicron reinfection. Science Advances, 9(40), Article adh0761. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adh0761

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title = "History of primary-series and booster vaccination and protection against Omicron reinfection",

abstract = "Laboratory evidence suggests a possibility of immune imprinting for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We investigated the differences in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in a cohort of persons who had a primary Omicron infection, but different vaccination histories using matched, national, retrospective, cohort studies. Adjusted hazard ratio for reinfection incidence, factoring adjustment for differences in testing rate, was 0.43 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.39 to 0.49] comparing history of two-dose vaccination to no vaccination, 1.47 (95% CI: 1.23 to 1.76) comparing history of three-dose vaccination to two-dose vaccination, and 0.57 (95% CI: 0.48 to 0.68) comparing history of three-dose vaccination to no vaccination. Divergence in cumulative incidence curves increased markedly when the incidence was dominated by BA.4/BA.5 and BA.2.75* Omicron subvariants. The history of primary-series vaccination enhanced immune protection against Omicron reinfection, but history of booster vaccination compromised protection against Omicron reinfection. These findings do not undermine the public health utility of booster vaccination.",

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author = "Hiam Chemaitelly and Ayoub, {Houssein H.} and Patrick Tang and Coyle, {Peter V.} and Yassine, {Hadi M.} and {Al Thani}, {Asmaa A.} and Al-Khatib, {Hebah A.} and Hasan, {Mohammad R.} and Zaina Al-Kanaani and Einas Al-Kuwari and Andrew Jeremijenko and Kaleeckal, {Anvar Hassan} and Latif, {Ali Nizar} and Shaik, {Riyazuddin Mohammad} and Abdul-Rahim, {Hanan F.} and Nasrallah, {Gheyath K.} and Al-Kuwari, {Mohamed Ghaith} and Butt, {Adeel A.} and Al-Romaihi, {Hamad Eid} and Al-Thani, {Mohamed H.} and Abdullatif Al-Khal and Roberto Bertollini and Abu-Raddad, {Laith J.}",

year = "2023",

month = oct,

day = "6",

doi = "10.1126/sciadv.adh0761",

language = "English",

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journal = "Science Advances",

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Chemaitelly, H, Ayoub, HH, Tang, P, Coyle, PV, Yassine, HM, Al Thani, AA, Al-Khatib, HA, Hasan, MR, Al-Kanaani, Z, Al-Kuwari, E, Jeremijenko, A, Kaleeckal, AH, Latif, AN, Shaik, RM, Abdul-Rahim, HF, Nasrallah, GK, Al-Kuwari, MG, Butt, AA, Al-Romaihi, HE, Al-Thani, MH, Al-Khal, A, Bertollini, R & Abu-Raddad, LJ 2023, 'History of primary-series and booster vaccination and protection against Omicron reinfection', Science Advances, vol. 9, no. 40, adh0761. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adh0761

TY - JOUR

T1 - History of primary-series and booster vaccination and protection against Omicron reinfection

AU - Chemaitelly, Hiam

AU - Ayoub, Houssein H.

AU - Tang, Patrick

AU - Coyle, Peter V.

AU - Yassine, Hadi M.

AU - Al Thani, Asmaa A.

AU - Al-Khatib, Hebah A.

AU - Hasan, Mohammad R.

AU - Al-Kanaani, Zaina

AU - Al-Kuwari, Einas

AU - Jeremijenko, Andrew

AU - Kaleeckal, Anvar Hassan

AU - Latif, Ali Nizar

AU - Shaik, Riyazuddin Mohammad

AU - Abdul-Rahim, Hanan F.

AU - Nasrallah, Gheyath K.

AU - Al-Kuwari, Mohamed Ghaith

AU - Butt, Adeel A.

AU - Al-Romaihi, Hamad Eid

AU - Al-Thani, Mohamed H.

AU - Al-Khal, Abdullatif

AU - Bertollini, Roberto

AU - Abu-Raddad, Laith J.

PY - 2023/10/6

Y1 - 2023/10/6

N2 - Laboratory evidence suggests a possibility of immune imprinting for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We investigated the differences in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in a cohort of persons who had a primary Omicron infection, but different vaccination histories using matched, national, retrospective, cohort studies. Adjusted hazard ratio for reinfection incidence, factoring adjustment for differences in testing rate, was 0.43 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.39 to 0.49] comparing history of two-dose vaccination to no vaccination, 1.47 (95% CI: 1.23 to 1.76) comparing history of three-dose vaccination to two-dose vaccination, and 0.57 (95% CI: 0.48 to 0.68) comparing history of three-dose vaccination to no vaccination. Divergence in cumulative incidence curves increased markedly when the incidence was dominated by BA.4/BA.5 and BA.2.75* Omicron subvariants. The history of primary-series vaccination enhanced immune protection against Omicron reinfection, but history of booster vaccination compromised protection against Omicron reinfection. These findings do not undermine the public health utility of booster vaccination.

AB - Laboratory evidence suggests a possibility of immune imprinting for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We investigated the differences in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in a cohort of persons who had a primary Omicron infection, but different vaccination histories using matched, national, retrospective, cohort studies. Adjusted hazard ratio for reinfection incidence, factoring adjustment for differences in testing rate, was 0.43 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.39 to 0.49] comparing history of two-dose vaccination to no vaccination, 1.47 (95% CI: 1.23 to 1.76) comparing history of three-dose vaccination to two-dose vaccination, and 0.57 (95% CI: 0.48 to 0.68) comparing history of three-dose vaccination to no vaccination. Divergence in cumulative incidence curves increased markedly when the incidence was dominated by BA.4/BA.5 and BA.2.75* Omicron subvariants. The history of primary-series vaccination enhanced immune protection against Omicron reinfection, but history of booster vaccination compromised protection against Omicron reinfection. These findings do not undermine the public health utility of booster vaccination.

KW - Multidisciplinary

U2 - 10.1126/sciadv.adh0761

DO - 10.1126/sciadv.adh0761

M3 - Article

SN - 2375-2548

VL - 9

JO - Science Advances

JF - Science Advances

IS - 40

M1 - adh0761

ER -

History of primary-series and booster vaccination and protection against Omicron reinfection

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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