Incretin hormone mimetics and analogues in diabetes therapeutics

Brian Green, P.R. Flatt

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

92 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-I (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are physiological gut peptides with insulin-releasing and extrapancreatic glucoregulatory actions. Incretin analogues/mimetics activate GLP-I or GIP receptors whilst avoiding physiological inactivation by dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), and they represent one of the newest classes of antidiabetic drug. The first clinically approved GLP-1 mimetic for the treatment of type-2 diabetes is exenatide (Byetta/exendin) which is administered subcutaneously twice daily. Clinical trials of liraglutide, a GLP-1 analogue suitable for once-daily administration, are ongoing. A number of other incretin molecules are at earlier stages of development. This review discusses the various attributes of GLP-1 and GIP for diabetes treatment and summarises current clinical data. Additionally, it explores the therapeutic possibilities offered by preclinical agents, such as non-peptide GLP-1 mimetics, GLP-1/glucagon hybrid peptides, and specific GIP receptor antagonists.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)497-516
Number of pages20
JournalBEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
Volume21
Issue number4
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Dec 2007

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Endocrinology
  • Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

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