Internal insulation and corrosion control of molten chloride thermal energy storage tanks

Samuel H. Gage; Josh J. Bailey; Donal P. Finegan; Dan J.L. Brett; Paul R. Shearing; Craig S. Turchi

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2021.111048

Internal insulation and corrosion control of molten chloride thermal energy storage tanks

Samuel H. Gage^*, Josh J. Bailey, Donal P. Finegan, Dan J.L. Brett, Paul R. Shearing, Craig S. Turchi

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

6 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

A chloride-based molten-salt system that uses a ternary blend of MgCl₂/KCl/NaCl is investigated to provide higher-temperature thermal energy storage capability than conventional nitrate salt-based systems. Despite their high thermal stability and operating temperature, molten chlorides present several challenges, including the design of internal liners to prevent the corrosion and thermal stress of alloy tank shells. This work discusses issues and potential solutions related to containment of molten chloride salt, specifically the optimization of the hot face refractory materials for use as internal liners. Three down-selected refractory materials were analyzed with respect to permeation of salt through the material as well as chemical stability during high temperature operation. Through the application of X-ray imaging and electron spectroscopy techniques, highly stable secondary surface phases in equilibrium with the molten salt were identified, as well as time-dependent changes in the salt composition itself.

Original language	English
Article number	111048
Journal	Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells
Volume	225
Early online date	18 Mar 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2021.111048
Publication status	Published - 15 Jun 2021
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was authored in part by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, operated by Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Subcontract ADJ-9-92133-01 under Prime Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. Funding provided by DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) . The views expressed in the article do not necessarily represent the views of the DOE or the U.S. Government. The publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. The authors gratefully acknowledge Ms. Thao Truong, Mr. Douglas DeVoto, and Mr. Joshua Major for their contributions.

Funding Information:
The research leading to the X-ray CT results received funding from the Engineering & Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) via grants EP/P009050/1 and EP/M028100/1 . P. R. S. acknowledges the support of the Royal Academy of Engineering ( CIET 1718/59 ).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.

Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

Keywords

Corrosion science
Gen3 CSP
Molten chloride salt
Refractory ceramics
Surface passivation
Thermal energy storage

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Surfaces, Coatings and Films

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Cite this

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title = "Internal insulation and corrosion control of molten chloride thermal energy storage tanks",

abstract = "A chloride-based molten-salt system that uses a ternary blend of MgCl2/KCl/NaCl is investigated to provide higher-temperature thermal energy storage capability than conventional nitrate salt-based systems. Despite their high thermal stability and operating temperature, molten chlorides present several challenges, including the design of internal liners to prevent the corrosion and thermal stress of alloy tank shells. This work discusses issues and potential solutions related to containment of molten chloride salt, specifically the optimization of the hot face refractory materials for use as internal liners. Three down-selected refractory materials were analyzed with respect to permeation of salt through the material as well as chemical stability during high temperature operation. Through the application of X-ray imaging and electron spectroscopy techniques, highly stable secondary surface phases in equilibrium with the molten salt were identified, as well as time-dependent changes in the salt composition itself.",

keywords = "Corrosion science, Gen3 CSP, Molten chloride salt, Refractory ceramics, Surface passivation, Thermal energy storage",

author = "Gage, {Samuel H.} and Bailey, {Josh J.} and Finegan, {Donal P.} and Brett, {Dan J.L.} and Shearing, {Paul R.} and Turchi, {Craig S.}",

note = "Funding Information: This work was authored in part by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, operated by Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Subcontract ADJ-9-92133-01 under Prime Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. Funding provided by DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) . The views expressed in the article do not necessarily represent the views of the DOE or the U.S. Government. The publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. The authors gratefully acknowledge Ms. Thao Truong, Mr. Douglas DeVoto, and Mr. Joshua Major for their contributions. Funding Information: The research leading to the X-ray CT results received funding from the Engineering & Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) via grants EP/P009050/1 and EP/M028100/1 . P. R. S. acknowledges the support of the Royal Academy of Engineering ( CIET 1718/59 ). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier B.V. Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",

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doi = "10.1016/j.solmat.2021.111048",

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volume = "225",

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AU - Gage, Samuel H.

AU - Bailey, Josh J.

AU - Finegan, Donal P.

AU - Brett, Dan J.L.

AU - Shearing, Paul R.

AU - Turchi, Craig S.

N1 - Funding Information: This work was authored in part by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, operated by Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Subcontract ADJ-9-92133-01 under Prime Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. Funding provided by DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) . The views expressed in the article do not necessarily represent the views of the DOE or the U.S. Government. The publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. The authors gratefully acknowledge Ms. Thao Truong, Mr. Douglas DeVoto, and Mr. Joshua Major for their contributions. Funding Information: The research leading to the X-ray CT results received funding from the Engineering & Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) via grants EP/P009050/1 and EP/M028100/1 . P. R. S. acknowledges the support of the Royal Academy of Engineering ( CIET 1718/59 ). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Elsevier B.V. Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

PY - 2021/6/15

Y1 - 2021/6/15

N2 - A chloride-based molten-salt system that uses a ternary blend of MgCl2/KCl/NaCl is investigated to provide higher-temperature thermal energy storage capability than conventional nitrate salt-based systems. Despite their high thermal stability and operating temperature, molten chlorides present several challenges, including the design of internal liners to prevent the corrosion and thermal stress of alloy tank shells. This work discusses issues and potential solutions related to containment of molten chloride salt, specifically the optimization of the hot face refractory materials for use as internal liners. Three down-selected refractory materials were analyzed with respect to permeation of salt through the material as well as chemical stability during high temperature operation. Through the application of X-ray imaging and electron spectroscopy techniques, highly stable secondary surface phases in equilibrium with the molten salt were identified, as well as time-dependent changes in the salt composition itself.

AB - A chloride-based molten-salt system that uses a ternary blend of MgCl2/KCl/NaCl is investigated to provide higher-temperature thermal energy storage capability than conventional nitrate salt-based systems. Despite their high thermal stability and operating temperature, molten chlorides present several challenges, including the design of internal liners to prevent the corrosion and thermal stress of alloy tank shells. This work discusses issues and potential solutions related to containment of molten chloride salt, specifically the optimization of the hot face refractory materials for use as internal liners. Three down-selected refractory materials were analyzed with respect to permeation of salt through the material as well as chemical stability during high temperature operation. Through the application of X-ray imaging and electron spectroscopy techniques, highly stable secondary surface phases in equilibrium with the molten salt were identified, as well as time-dependent changes in the salt composition itself.

KW - Corrosion science

KW - Gen3 CSP

KW - Molten chloride salt

KW - Refractory ceramics

KW - Surface passivation

KW - Thermal energy storage

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DO - 10.1016/j.solmat.2021.111048

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85102647589

SN - 0927-0248

VL - 225

JO - Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

JF - Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

M1 - 111048

ER -

Internal insulation and corrosion control of molten chloride thermal energy storage tanks

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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