K2-291b: A Rocky Super-Earth in a 2.2 day Orbit

Molly R. Kosiarek; Sarah Blunt; Mercedes López-Morales; Ian J. M. Crossfield; Evan Sinukoff; Erik A. Petigura; Erica J. Gonzales; Ennio Poretti; Luca Malavolta; Andrew W. Howard; Howard Isaacson; Raphaëlle D. Haywood; David R. Ciardi; Makennah Bristow; Andrew Collier Cameron; David Charbonneau; Courtney D. Dressing; Pedro Figueira; Benjamin J. Fulton; Bronwen J. Hardee; Lea A. Hirsch; David W. Latham; Annelies Mortier; Chantanelle Nava; Joshua E. Schlieder; Andrew Vanderburg; Lauren Weiss; Aldo S. Bonomo; François Bouchy; Lars A. Buchhave; Adrien Coffinet; Mario Damasso; Xavier Dumusque; Christophe Lovis; Michel Mayor; Giusi Micela; Emilio Molinari; Francesco Pepe; David Phillips; Giampaolo Piotto; Ken Rice; Dimitar Sasselov; Damien Ségransan; Alessandro Sozzetti; Stéphane Udry; Chris Watson

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aafe83

K2-291b: A Rocky Super-Earth in a 2.2 day Orbit

Molly R. Kosiarek, Sarah Blunt, Mercedes López-Morales, Ian J. M. Crossfield, Evan Sinukoff, Erik A. Petigura, Erica J. Gonzales, Ennio Poretti, Luca Malavolta, Andrew W. Howard, Howard Isaacson, Raphaëlle D. Haywood, David R. Ciardi, Makennah Bristow, Andrew Collier Cameron, David Charbonneau, Courtney D. Dressing, Pedro Figueira, Benjamin J. Fulton, Bronwen J. HardeeLea A. Hirsch, David W. Latham, Annelies Mortier, Chantanelle Nava, Joshua E. Schlieder, Andrew Vanderburg, Lauren Weiss, Aldo S. Bonomo, François Bouchy, Lars A. Buchhave, Adrien Coffinet, Mario Damasso, Xavier Dumusque, Christophe Lovis, Michel Mayor, Giusi Micela, Emilio Molinari, Francesco Pepe, David Phillips, Giampaolo Piotto, Ken Rice, Dimitar Sasselov, Damien Ségransan, Alessandro Sozzetti, Stéphane Udry, Chris Watson

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Abstract

K2-291 is a solar-type star with a radius of R * = 0.899 ± 0.034 R ⊙ and mass of M* = 0.934 ± 0.038 M ⊙. From the K2 C13 data, we found one super-Earth planet (R p = {1.589}-0.072+0.095 R ⊕) transiting this star on a short period orbit (P = {2.225177}-6.8{{e}{--}5}+6.6{{e}{--}5} days). We followed this system up with adaptive-optic imaging and spectroscopy to derive stellar parameters, search for stellar companions, and determine a planet mass. From our 75 radial velocity measurements using High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer on Keck I and High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher in the northern hemisphere on Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, we constrained the mass of K2-291 b to M p = 6.49 ± 1.16 M ⊕. We found it necessary to model correlated stellar activity radial velocity signals with a Gaussian process (GP) in order to more accurately model the effect of stellar noise on our data; the addition of the GP also improved the precision of this mass measurement. With a bulk density of ρ = 8.84{}-2.03+2.50 g cm-3, the planet is consistent with an Earth-like rock/iron composition and no substantial gaseous envelope. Such an envelope, if it existed in the past, was likely eroded away by photoevaporation during the first billion years of the star’s lifetime.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	116
Journal	Astronomical Journal
Volume	157
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aafe83
Publication status	Published - 01 Mar 2019

Keywords

planets and satellites: composition
planets and satellites: detection
techniques: radial velocities

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Kosiarek, M. R., Blunt, S., López-Morales, M., Crossfield, I. J. M., Sinukoff, E., Petigura, E. A., Gonzales, E. J., Poretti, E., Malavolta, L., Howard, A. W., Isaacson, H., Haywood, R. D., Ciardi, D. R., Bristow, M., Collier Cameron, A., Charbonneau, D., Dressing, C. D., Figueira, P., Fulton, B. J., ... Watson, C. (2019). K2-291b: A Rocky Super-Earth in a 2.2 day Orbit. Astronomical Journal, 157(3), 116. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aafe83

@article{db8c903b800d4a478698107087d23138,

title = "K2-291b: A Rocky Super-Earth in a 2.2 day Orbit",

abstract = "K2-291 is a solar-type star with a radius of R * = 0.899 ± 0.034 R ⊙ and mass of M* = 0.934 ± 0.038 M ⊙. From the K2 C13 data, we found one super-Earth planet (R p = {1.589}-0.072+0.095 R ⊕) transiting this star on a short period orbit (P = {2.225177}-6.8{{e}{--}5}+6.6{{e}{--}5} days). We followed this system up with adaptive-optic imaging and spectroscopy to derive stellar parameters, search for stellar companions, and determine a planet mass. From our 75 radial velocity measurements using High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer on Keck I and High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher in the northern hemisphere on Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, we constrained the mass of K2-291 b to M p = 6.49 ± 1.16 M ⊕. We found it necessary to model correlated stellar activity radial velocity signals with a Gaussian process (GP) in order to more accurately model the effect of stellar noise on our data; the addition of the GP also improved the precision of this mass measurement. With a bulk density of ρ = 8.84{}-2.03+2.50 g cm-3, the planet is consistent with an Earth-like rock/iron composition and no substantial gaseous envelope. Such an envelope, if it existed in the past, was likely eroded away by photoevaporation during the first billion years of the star{\textquoteright}s lifetime.",

keywords = "planets and satellites: composition, planets and satellites: detection, techniques: radial velocities",

author = "Kosiarek, {Molly R.} and Sarah Blunt and Mercedes L{\'o}pez-Morales and Crossfield, {Ian J. M.} and Evan Sinukoff and Petigura, {Erik A.} and Gonzales, {Erica J.} and Ennio Poretti and Luca Malavolta and Howard, {Andrew W.} and Howard Isaacson and Haywood, {Rapha{\"e}lle D.} and Ciardi, {David R.} and Makennah Bristow and {Collier Cameron}, Andrew and David Charbonneau and Dressing, {Courtney D.} and Pedro Figueira and Fulton, {Benjamin J.} and Hardee, {Bronwen J.} and Hirsch, {Lea A.} and Latham, {David W.} and Annelies Mortier and Chantanelle Nava and Schlieder, {Joshua E.} and Andrew Vanderburg and Lauren Weiss and Bonomo, {Aldo S.} and Fran{\c c}ois Bouchy and Buchhave, {Lars A.} and Adrien Coffinet and Mario Damasso and Xavier Dumusque and Christophe Lovis and Michel Mayor and Giusi Micela and Emilio Molinari and Francesco Pepe and David Phillips and Giampaolo Piotto and Ken Rice and Dimitar Sasselov and Damien S{\'e}gransan and Alessandro Sozzetti and St{\'e}phane Udry and Chris Watson",

year = "2019",

month = mar,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/1538-3881/aafe83",

language = "English",

volume = "157",

pages = "116",

journal = "Astronomical Journal",

issn = "0004-6256",

publisher = "The American Astronomical Society",

number = "3",

}

Kosiarek, MR, Blunt, S, López-Morales, M, Crossfield, IJM, Sinukoff, E, Petigura, EA, Gonzales, EJ, Poretti, E, Malavolta, L, Howard, AW, Isaacson, H, Haywood, RD, Ciardi, DR, Bristow, M, Collier Cameron, A, Charbonneau, D, Dressing, CD, Figueira, P, Fulton, BJ, Hardee, BJ, Hirsch, LA, Latham, DW, Mortier, A, Nava, C, Schlieder, JE, Vanderburg, A, Weiss, L, Bonomo, AS, Bouchy, F, Buchhave, LA, Coffinet, A, Damasso, M, Dumusque, X, Lovis, C, Mayor, M, Micela, G, Molinari, E, Pepe, F, Phillips, D, Piotto, G, Rice, K, Sasselov, D, Ségransan, D, Sozzetti, A, Udry, S & Watson, C 2019, 'K2-291b: A Rocky Super-Earth in a 2.2 day Orbit', Astronomical Journal, vol. 157, no. 3, pp. 116. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aafe83

TY - JOUR

T1 - K2-291b: A Rocky Super-Earth in a 2.2 day Orbit

AU - Kosiarek, Molly R.

AU - Blunt, Sarah

AU - López-Morales, Mercedes

AU - Crossfield, Ian J. M.

AU - Sinukoff, Evan

AU - Petigura, Erik A.

AU - Gonzales, Erica J.

AU - Poretti, Ennio

AU - Malavolta, Luca

AU - Howard, Andrew W.

AU - Isaacson, Howard

AU - Haywood, Raphaëlle D.

AU - Ciardi, David R.

AU - Bristow, Makennah

AU - Collier Cameron, Andrew

AU - Charbonneau, David

AU - Dressing, Courtney D.

AU - Figueira, Pedro

AU - Fulton, Benjamin J.

AU - Hardee, Bronwen J.

AU - Hirsch, Lea A.

AU - Latham, David W.

AU - Mortier, Annelies

AU - Nava, Chantanelle

AU - Schlieder, Joshua E.

AU - Vanderburg, Andrew

AU - Weiss, Lauren

AU - Bonomo, Aldo S.

AU - Bouchy, François

AU - Buchhave, Lars A.

AU - Coffinet, Adrien

AU - Damasso, Mario

AU - Dumusque, Xavier

AU - Lovis, Christophe

AU - Mayor, Michel

AU - Micela, Giusi

AU - Molinari, Emilio

AU - Pepe, Francesco

AU - Phillips, David

AU - Piotto, Giampaolo

AU - Rice, Ken

AU - Sasselov, Dimitar

AU - Ségransan, Damien

AU - Sozzetti, Alessandro

AU - Udry, Stéphane

AU - Watson, Chris

PY - 2019/3/1

Y1 - 2019/3/1

N2 - K2-291 is a solar-type star with a radius of R * = 0.899 ± 0.034 R ⊙ and mass of M* = 0.934 ± 0.038 M ⊙. From the K2 C13 data, we found one super-Earth planet (R p = {1.589}-0.072+0.095 R ⊕) transiting this star on a short period orbit (P = {2.225177}-6.8{{e}{--}5}+6.6{{e}{--}5} days). We followed this system up with adaptive-optic imaging and spectroscopy to derive stellar parameters, search for stellar companions, and determine a planet mass. From our 75 radial velocity measurements using High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer on Keck I and High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher in the northern hemisphere on Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, we constrained the mass of K2-291 b to M p = 6.49 ± 1.16 M ⊕. We found it necessary to model correlated stellar activity radial velocity signals with a Gaussian process (GP) in order to more accurately model the effect of stellar noise on our data; the addition of the GP also improved the precision of this mass measurement. With a bulk density of ρ = 8.84{}-2.03+2.50 g cm-3, the planet is consistent with an Earth-like rock/iron composition and no substantial gaseous envelope. Such an envelope, if it existed in the past, was likely eroded away by photoevaporation during the first billion years of the star’s lifetime.

AB - K2-291 is a solar-type star with a radius of R * = 0.899 ± 0.034 R ⊙ and mass of M* = 0.934 ± 0.038 M ⊙. From the K2 C13 data, we found one super-Earth planet (R p = {1.589}-0.072+0.095 R ⊕) transiting this star on a short period orbit (P = {2.225177}-6.8{{e}{--}5}+6.6{{e}{--}5} days). We followed this system up with adaptive-optic imaging and spectroscopy to derive stellar parameters, search for stellar companions, and determine a planet mass. From our 75 radial velocity measurements using High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer on Keck I and High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher in the northern hemisphere on Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, we constrained the mass of K2-291 b to M p = 6.49 ± 1.16 M ⊕. We found it necessary to model correlated stellar activity radial velocity signals with a Gaussian process (GP) in order to more accurately model the effect of stellar noise on our data; the addition of the GP also improved the precision of this mass measurement. With a bulk density of ρ = 8.84{}-2.03+2.50 g cm-3, the planet is consistent with an Earth-like rock/iron composition and no substantial gaseous envelope. Such an envelope, if it existed in the past, was likely eroded away by photoevaporation during the first billion years of the star’s lifetime.

KW - planets and satellites: composition

KW - planets and satellites: detection

KW - techniques: radial velocities

U2 - 10.3847/1538-3881/aafe83

DO - 10.3847/1538-3881/aafe83

M3 - Article

SN - 0004-6256

VL - 157

SP - 116

JO - Astronomical Journal

JF - Astronomical Journal

IS - 3

ER -

K2-291b: A Rocky Super-Earth in a 2.2 day Orbit

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