Load and harmonic distortion characterization of modern low-energy lighting under applied voltage variation

This paper investigates the voltage level dependencies of different modern lighting types. Experiments are undertaken and the results used to formulate polynomial load models, presented in a ZIP format. These characterize active power, reactive power and harmonic current behaviors; are compatible with established power systems simulation practice; and are generally demonstrated to muster a good fit to the raw experimental data. Despite exceedingly high levels of current distortion being noted for several lamp instances, the attenuating effects of lowering voltage and harmonic diversity, as captured within a pair of diversity factor terms, are shown to help significantly alleviate the associated harmonic pollution impact on low voltage networks.