Abstract
Objective: To assess factors at the start of antiretroviral therapy (ART) associated with long-term virological response in children.
Design: Multicentre national cohort.
Methods: Factors associated with viral load below 400copies/ml by 12 months and virologic failure among children starting 3/4-drug ART in the UK/Irish Collaborative HIV Paediatric Study were assessed using Poisson models.
Results: Nine hundred and ninety-seven children started ART at a median age of 7.7 years (inter-quartile range 2.9-11.7), 251 (25%) below 3 years: 411 (41%) with efavirenz and two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (EFV + 2NRTIs), 264 (26%) with nevirapine and two NRTIs (NVP + 2NRTIs), 119 (12%; 106 NVP, 13 EFV) with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and three NRTIs (NNRTI+ 3NRTIs), and 203 (20%) with boosted protease inhibitor-based regimens. Median follow-up after ART initiation was 5.7 (3.0-8.8) years. Viral load was less than 400copies/ml by 12 months in 92% [95% confidence interval (CI) 91-94%] of the children. Time to suppression was similar across regimens (P = 0.10), but faster over calendar time, with older age and lower baseline viral load. Three hundred and thirtynine (34%) children experienced virological failure. Although progression to failure varied by regimen (P<0.001) and was fastest for NVP + 2NRTIs regimens, risk after 2 years on therapy was similar for EFV + 2NRTIs and NVP + 2NRTIs, and lowest for NNRTI+3NRTIs regimens (P-interaction = 0.03). Older age, earlier calendar periods and maternal ART exposure were associated with increased failure risk. Early treatment discontinuation for toxicity occurred more frequently for NVP-based regimens, but 5-year cumulative incidence was similar: 6.1% (95% CI 3.9-8.9%) NVP, 8.3% (95% CI 5.6-11.6) EFV, and 9.8% (95% CI 5.7-15.3%) protease inhibitor-based regimens (P = 0.48).
Conclusion: Viral load suppression by 12 months was high with all regimens. NVP + 3NRTIs regimens were particularly efficacious in the longer term and may be a good alternative to protease inhibitor-based ART in young children.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 2395-2405 |
Number of pages | 11 |
Journal | AIDS |
Volume | 28 |
Issue number | 16 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 23 Oct 2014 |
Keywords
- Antiretroviral therapy
- Children
- HIV
- UK/Ireland
- Virological outcome
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Immunology and Allergy
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
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Brown, N. (Author), Kennedy, R. (Supervisor) & Blayney, J. (Supervisor), Jul 2024Student thesis: Doctoral Thesis › Doctor of Philosophy