Mapping the risk of soil-transmitted helminthic infections in the Philippines

Ricardo J. Soares Magalhães; Maria S. Salamat; Lydia Leonardo; Darren J. Gray; Hélène Carabin; Kate Halton; Donald P. McManus; Gail M. Williams; Pilarita Rivera; Ofelia Saniel; Leda Hernandez; Laith Yakob; Stephen T. McGarvey; Archie C.A. Clements

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003915

Mapping the risk of soil-transmitted helminthic infections in the Philippines

Ricardo J. Soares Magalhães^*, Maria S. Salamat, Lydia Leonardo, Darren J. Gray, Hélène Carabin, Kate Halton, Donald P. McManus, Gail M. Williams, Pilarita Rivera, Ofelia Saniel, Leda Hernandez, Laith Yakob, Stephen T. McGarvey, Archie C.A. Clements

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

38 Citations (Scopus)

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Abstract

Background: In order to increase the efficient allocation of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) disease control resources in the Philippines, we aimed to describe for the first time the spatial variation in the prevalence of A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and hookworm across the country, quantify the association between the physical environment and spatial variation of STH infection and develop predictive risk maps for each infection.

Methodology/Principal Findings: Data on STH infection from 35,573 individuals across the country were geolocated at the barangay level and included in the analysis. The analysis was stratified geographically in two major regions: 1) Luzon and the Visayas and 2) Mindanao. Bayesian geostatistical models of STH prevalence were developed, including age and sex of individuals and environmental variables (rainfall, land surface temperature and distance to inland water bodies) as predictors, and diagnostic uncertainty was incorporated. The role of environmental variables was different between regions of the Philippines. This analysis revealed that while A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura infections were widespread and highly endemic, hookworm infections were more circumscribed to smaller foci in the Visayas and Mindanao.

Conclusions/Significance: This analysis revealed significant spatial variation in STH infection prevalence within provinces of the Philippines. This suggests that a spatially targeted approach to STH interventions, including mass drug administration, is warranted. When financially possible, additional STH surveys should be prioritized to high-risk areas identified by our study in Luzon.

Original language	English
Article number	e0003915
Number of pages	15
Journal	PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
Volume	9
Issue number	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003915
Publication status	Published - 14 Sept 2015
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Soares Magalhães et al.

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Infectious Diseases

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1371/journal.pntd.0003915Licence: CC BY

Mapping the risk of soil-transmitted helminthic infections in the Philippines
Copyright 2015 the authors. This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the author and source are cited.
Final published version, 1.93 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

Soares Magalhães, R. J., Salamat, M. S., Leonardo, L., Gray, D. J., Carabin, H., Halton, K., McManus, D. P., Williams, G. M., Rivera, P., Saniel, O., Hernandez, L., Yakob, L., McGarvey, S. T., & Clements, A. C. A. (2015). Mapping the risk of soil-transmitted helminthic infections in the Philippines. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 9(9), Article e0003915. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003915

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title = "Mapping the risk of soil-transmitted helminthic infections in the Philippines",

abstract = "Background: In order to increase the efficient allocation of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) disease control resources in the Philippines, we aimed to describe for the first time the spatial variation in the prevalence of A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and hookworm across the country, quantify the association between the physical environment and spatial variation of STH infection and develop predictive risk maps for each infection. Methodology/Principal Findings: Data on STH infection from 35,573 individuals across the country were geolocated at the barangay level and included in the analysis. The analysis was stratified geographically in two major regions: 1) Luzon and the Visayas and 2) Mindanao. Bayesian geostatistical models of STH prevalence were developed, including age and sex of individuals and environmental variables (rainfall, land surface temperature and distance to inland water bodies) as predictors, and diagnostic uncertainty was incorporated. The role of environmental variables was different between regions of the Philippines. This analysis revealed that while A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura infections were widespread and highly endemic, hookworm infections were more circumscribed to smaller foci in the Visayas and Mindanao. Conclusions/Significance: This analysis revealed significant spatial variation in STH infection prevalence within provinces of the Philippines. This suggests that a spatially targeted approach to STH interventions, including mass drug administration, is warranted. When financially possible, additional STH surveys should be prioritized to high-risk areas identified by our study in Luzon.",

author = "{Soares Magalh{\~a}es}, {Ricardo J.} and Salamat, {Maria S.} and Lydia Leonardo and Gray, {Darren J.} and H{\'e}l{\`e}ne Carabin and Kate Halton and McManus, {Donald P.} and Williams, {Gail M.} and Pilarita Rivera and Ofelia Saniel and Leda Hernandez and Laith Yakob and McGarvey, {Stephen T.} and Clements, {Archie C.A.}",

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year = "2015",

month = sep,

day = "14",

doi = "10.1371/journal.pntd.0003915",

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Soares Magalhães, RJ, Salamat, MS, Leonardo, L, Gray, DJ, Carabin, H, Halton, K, McManus, DP, Williams, GM, Rivera, P, Saniel, O, Hernandez, L, Yakob, L, McGarvey, ST & Clements, ACA 2015, 'Mapping the risk of soil-transmitted helminthic infections in the Philippines', PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, vol. 9, no. 9, e0003915. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003915

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AU - Soares Magalhães, Ricardo J.

AU - Salamat, Maria S.

AU - Leonardo, Lydia

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AU - Carabin, Hélène

AU - Halton, Kate

AU - McManus, Donald P.

AU - Williams, Gail M.

AU - Rivera, Pilarita

AU - Saniel, Ofelia

AU - Hernandez, Leda

AU - Yakob, Laith

AU - McGarvey, Stephen T.

AU - Clements, Archie C.A.

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N2 - Background: In order to increase the efficient allocation of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) disease control resources in the Philippines, we aimed to describe for the first time the spatial variation in the prevalence of A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and hookworm across the country, quantify the association between the physical environment and spatial variation of STH infection and develop predictive risk maps for each infection. Methodology/Principal Findings: Data on STH infection from 35,573 individuals across the country were geolocated at the barangay level and included in the analysis. The analysis was stratified geographically in two major regions: 1) Luzon and the Visayas and 2) Mindanao. Bayesian geostatistical models of STH prevalence were developed, including age and sex of individuals and environmental variables (rainfall, land surface temperature and distance to inland water bodies) as predictors, and diagnostic uncertainty was incorporated. The role of environmental variables was different between regions of the Philippines. This analysis revealed that while A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura infections were widespread and highly endemic, hookworm infections were more circumscribed to smaller foci in the Visayas and Mindanao. Conclusions/Significance: This analysis revealed significant spatial variation in STH infection prevalence within provinces of the Philippines. This suggests that a spatially targeted approach to STH interventions, including mass drug administration, is warranted. When financially possible, additional STH surveys should be prioritized to high-risk areas identified by our study in Luzon.

AB - Background: In order to increase the efficient allocation of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) disease control resources in the Philippines, we aimed to describe for the first time the spatial variation in the prevalence of A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and hookworm across the country, quantify the association between the physical environment and spatial variation of STH infection and develop predictive risk maps for each infection. Methodology/Principal Findings: Data on STH infection from 35,573 individuals across the country were geolocated at the barangay level and included in the analysis. The analysis was stratified geographically in two major regions: 1) Luzon and the Visayas and 2) Mindanao. Bayesian geostatistical models of STH prevalence were developed, including age and sex of individuals and environmental variables (rainfall, land surface temperature and distance to inland water bodies) as predictors, and diagnostic uncertainty was incorporated. The role of environmental variables was different between regions of the Philippines. This analysis revealed that while A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura infections were widespread and highly endemic, hookworm infections were more circumscribed to smaller foci in the Visayas and Mindanao. Conclusions/Significance: This analysis revealed significant spatial variation in STH infection prevalence within provinces of the Philippines. This suggests that a spatially targeted approach to STH interventions, including mass drug administration, is warranted. When financially possible, additional STH surveys should be prioritized to high-risk areas identified by our study in Luzon.

U2 - 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003915

DO - 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003915

M3 - Article

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AN - SCOPUS:84943192474

SN - 1935-2727

VL - 9

JO - PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases

JF - PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases

IS - 9

M1 - e0003915

ER -

Mapping the risk of soil-transmitted helminthic infections in the Philippines

Abstract

Bibliographical note

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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Cite this