Natural cutaneous anthrax infection, but not vaccination, induces a CD4+ T cell response involving diverse cytokines

Rebecca J. Ingram; Stephanie Ascough; Catherine J. Reynolds; Gokhan  Metan; Mehmet Doganay; Les Baillie; Diane E. Williamson; John H. Robinson; Bernard Maillere; Rosemary J. Boyton; Daniel M. Altmann

doi:10.1186/s13578-015-0011-4

Natural cutaneous anthrax infection, but not vaccination, induces a CD4⁺ T cell response involving diverse cytokines

Rebecca J. Ingram, Stephanie Ascough, Catherine J. Reynolds, Gokhan Metan , Mehmet Doganay , Les Baillie, Diane E. Williamson, John H. Robinson, Bernard Maillere, Rosemary J. Boyton, Daniel M. Altmann

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

6 Citations (Scopus)

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Abstract

Background

Whilst there have been a number of insights into the subsets of CD4⁺ T cells induced by pathogenicBacillus anthracis infections in animal models, how these findings relate to responses generated in naturally infected and vaccinated humans has yet to be fully established. We describe the cytokine profile produced in response to T cell stimulation with a previously defined immunodominant antigen of anthrax, lethal factor (LF), domain IV, in cohorts of individuals with a history of cutaneous anthrax, compared with vaccinees receiving the U.K. licenced Anthrax Vaccine Precipitated (AVP) vaccine.

Findings

We found that immunity following natural cutaneous infection was significantly different from that seen after vaccination. AVP vaccination was found to result in a polarized IFNγ CD4+ T cell response, while the individuals exposed to B. anthracis by natural infection mounted a broader cytokine response encompassing IFNγ, IL-5, −9, −10, −13, −17, and −22.

Conclusions

Vaccines seeking to incorporate the robust, long-lasting, CD4 T cell immune responses observed in naturally acquired cutaneous anthrax cases may need to elicit a similarly broad spectrum cellular immune response.

Original language	English
Article number	20
Number of pages	6
Journal	Cell & Bioscience
Volume	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1186/s13578-015-0011-4
Publication status	Published - 26 Apr 2015

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10.1186/s13578-015-0011-4

Natural cutaneous anthrax infection, but not vaccination, induces a CD4+ T cell response involving diverse cytokines
© 2015 Ingram et al. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
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Cite this

@article{8cde21773aad43338c93d70356070687,

title = "Natural cutaneous anthrax infection, but not vaccination, induces a CD4+ T cell response involving diverse cytokines",

abstract = "BackgroundWhilst there have been a number of insights into the subsets of CD4+ T cells induced by pathogenicBacillus anthracis infections in animal models, how these findings relate to responses generated in naturally infected and vaccinated humans has yet to be fully established. We describe the cytokine profile produced in response to T cell stimulation with a previously defined immunodominant antigen of anthrax, lethal factor (LF), domain IV, in cohorts of individuals with a history of cutaneous anthrax, compared with vaccinees receiving the U.K. licenced Anthrax Vaccine Precipitated (AVP) vaccine.FindingsWe found that immunity following natural cutaneous infection was significantly different from that seen after vaccination. AVP vaccination was found to result in a polarized IFNγ CD4+ T cell response, while the individuals exposed to B. anthracis by natural infection mounted a broader cytokine response encompassing IFNγ, IL-5, −9, −10, −13, −17, and −22.ConclusionsVaccines seeking to incorporate the robust, long-lasting, CD4 T cell immune responses observed in naturally acquired cutaneous anthrax cases may need to elicit a similarly broad spectrum cellular immune response.",

author = "Ingram, {Rebecca J.} and Stephanie Ascough and Reynolds, {Catherine J.} and Gokhan Metan and Mehmet Doganay and Les Baillie and Williamson, {Diane E.} and Robinson, {John H.} and Bernard Maillere and Boyton, {Rosemary J.} and Altmann, {Daniel M.}",

year = "2015",

month = apr,

day = "26",

doi = "10.1186/s13578-015-0011-4",

language = "English",

volume = "5",

journal = "Cell & Bioscience ",

issn = "2045-3701",

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T1 - Natural cutaneous anthrax infection, but not vaccination, induces a CD4+ T cell response involving diverse cytokines

AU - Ingram, Rebecca J.

AU - Ascough, Stephanie

AU - Reynolds, Catherine J.

AU - Metan , Gokhan

AU - Doganay , Mehmet

AU - Baillie, Les

AU - Williamson, Diane E.

AU - Robinson, John H.

AU - Maillere, Bernard

AU - Boyton, Rosemary J.

AU - Altmann, Daniel M.

PY - 2015/4/26

Y1 - 2015/4/26

N2 - BackgroundWhilst there have been a number of insights into the subsets of CD4+ T cells induced by pathogenicBacillus anthracis infections in animal models, how these findings relate to responses generated in naturally infected and vaccinated humans has yet to be fully established. We describe the cytokine profile produced in response to T cell stimulation with a previously defined immunodominant antigen of anthrax, lethal factor (LF), domain IV, in cohorts of individuals with a history of cutaneous anthrax, compared with vaccinees receiving the U.K. licenced Anthrax Vaccine Precipitated (AVP) vaccine.FindingsWe found that immunity following natural cutaneous infection was significantly different from that seen after vaccination. AVP vaccination was found to result in a polarized IFNγ CD4+ T cell response, while the individuals exposed to B. anthracis by natural infection mounted a broader cytokine response encompassing IFNγ, IL-5, −9, −10, −13, −17, and −22.ConclusionsVaccines seeking to incorporate the robust, long-lasting, CD4 T cell immune responses observed in naturally acquired cutaneous anthrax cases may need to elicit a similarly broad spectrum cellular immune response.

AB - BackgroundWhilst there have been a number of insights into the subsets of CD4+ T cells induced by pathogenicBacillus anthracis infections in animal models, how these findings relate to responses generated in naturally infected and vaccinated humans has yet to be fully established. We describe the cytokine profile produced in response to T cell stimulation with a previously defined immunodominant antigen of anthrax, lethal factor (LF), domain IV, in cohorts of individuals with a history of cutaneous anthrax, compared with vaccinees receiving the U.K. licenced Anthrax Vaccine Precipitated (AVP) vaccine.FindingsWe found that immunity following natural cutaneous infection was significantly different from that seen after vaccination. AVP vaccination was found to result in a polarized IFNγ CD4+ T cell response, while the individuals exposed to B. anthracis by natural infection mounted a broader cytokine response encompassing IFNγ, IL-5, −9, −10, −13, −17, and −22.ConclusionsVaccines seeking to incorporate the robust, long-lasting, CD4 T cell immune responses observed in naturally acquired cutaneous anthrax cases may need to elicit a similarly broad spectrum cellular immune response.

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DO - 10.1186/s13578-015-0011-4

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SN - 2045-3701

VL - 5

JO - Cell & Bioscience

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