NGTS-4b: A sub-Neptune transiting in the desert

Richard G. West; Edward Gillen; Daniel Bayliss; Matthew R. Burleigh; Laetitia Delrez; Maximilian N. Günther; Simon T. Hodgkin; James A. G. Jackman; James S. Jenkins; George King; James McCormac; Louise D. Nielsen; Liam Raynard; Alexis M. S. Smith; Maritza Soto; Oliver Turner; Peter J. Wheatley; Yaseen Almleaky; David J. Armstrong; Claudia Belardi; François Bouchy; Joshua T. Briegal; Artem Burdanov; Juan Cabrera; Sarah L. Casewell; Alexander Chaushev; Bruno Chazelas; Paul Chote; Benjamin F. Cooke; Szilard Csizmadia; Elsa Ducrot; Philipp Eigmüller; Anders Erikson; Emma Foxell; Boris T. Gänsicke; Michaël Gillon; Michael R. Goad; Emmanuël Jehin; Gregory Lambert; Emma S. Longstaff; Tom Louden; Maximiliano Moyano; Catriona Murray; Don Pollacco; Didier Queloz; Heike Rauer; Sandrine Sohy; Samantha J. Thompson; Stéphane Udry; Simon R. Walker; Christopher A. Watson

doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1084

NGTS-4b: A sub-Neptune transiting in the desert

Richard G. West, Edward Gillen, Daniel Bayliss, Matthew R. Burleigh, Laetitia Delrez, Maximilian N. Günther, Simon T. Hodgkin, James A. G. Jackman, James S. Jenkins, George King, James McCormac, Louise D. Nielsen, Liam Raynard, Alexis M. S. Smith, Maritza Soto, Oliver Turner, Peter J. Wheatley, Yaseen Almleaky, David J. Armstrong, Claudia BelardiFrançois Bouchy, Joshua T. Briegal, Artem Burdanov, Juan Cabrera, Sarah L. Casewell, Alexander Chaushev, Bruno Chazelas, Paul Chote, Benjamin F. Cooke, Szilard Csizmadia, Elsa Ducrot, Philipp Eigmüller, Anders Erikson, Emma Foxell, Boris T. Gänsicke, Michaël Gillon, Michael R. Goad, Emmanuël Jehin, Gregory Lambert, Emma S. Longstaff, Tom Louden, Maximiliano Moyano, Catriona Murray, Don Pollacco, Didier Queloz, Heike Rauer, Sandrine Sohy, Samantha J. Thompson, Stéphane Udry, Simon R. Walker, Christopher A. Watson

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Abstract

We report the discovery of NGTS-4b, a sub-Neptune-sized planet transiting a 13th magnitude K-dwarf in a 1.34 d orbit. NGTS-4b has a mass M = 20.6 ± 3.0 M⊕ and radius R = 3.18 ± 0.26 R⊕, which places it well within the so-called `Neptunian Desert'. The mean density of the planet (3.45 ± 0.95 g cm-3) is consistent with a composition of 100 per cent H2O or a rocky core with a volatile envelope. NGTS-4b is likely to suffer significant mass loss due to relatively strong EUV/X-ray irradiation. Its survival in the Neptunian desert may be due to an unusually high-core mass, or it may have avoided the most intense X-ray irradiation by migrating after the initial activity of its host star had subsided. With a transit depth of 0.13 ± 0.02 per cent, NGTS-4b represents the shallowest transiting system ever discovered from the ground, and is the smallest planet discovered in a wide-field ground-based photometric survey.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	5094-5103
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	486
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1084
Publication status	Published - 01 Jul 2019

Keywords

techniques: photometric
planets and satellites: detection
stars: individual: NGTS-4- planetary systems

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10.1093/mnras/stz1084Licence: CC BY

NGTS-4b: A sub-Neptune transiting in the desert
Copyright 2019 the authors. This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the author and source are cited.
Final published version, 3.91 MBLicence: CC BY

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West, R. G., Gillen, E., Bayliss, D., Burleigh, M. R., Delrez, L., Günther, M. N., Hodgkin, S. T., Jackman, J. A. G., Jenkins, J. S., King, G., McCormac, J., Nielsen, L. D., Raynard, L., Smith, A. M. S., Soto, M., Turner, O., Wheatley, P. J., Almleaky, Y., Armstrong, D. J., ... Watson, C. A. (2019). NGTS-4b: A sub-Neptune transiting in the desert. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 486(4), 5094-5103. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1084

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title = "NGTS-4b: A sub-Neptune transiting in the desert",

abstract = "We report the discovery of NGTS-4b, a sub-Neptune-sized planet transiting a 13th magnitude K-dwarf in a 1.34 d orbit. NGTS-4b has a mass M = 20.6 ± 3.0 M⊕ and radius R = 3.18 ± 0.26 R⊕, which places it well within the so-called `Neptunian Desert'. The mean density of the planet (3.45 ± 0.95 g cm-3) is consistent with a composition of 100 per cent H2O or a rocky core with a volatile envelope. NGTS-4b is likely to suffer significant mass loss due to relatively strong EUV/X-ray irradiation. Its survival in the Neptunian desert may be due to an unusually high-core mass, or it may have avoided the most intense X-ray irradiation by migrating after the initial activity of its host star had subsided. With a transit depth of 0.13 ± 0.02 per cent, NGTS-4b represents the shallowest transiting system ever discovered from the ground, and is the smallest planet discovered in a wide-field ground-based photometric survey.",

keywords = "techniques: photometric, planets and satellites: detection, stars: individual: NGTS-4- planetary systems",

author = "West, {Richard G.} and Edward Gillen and Daniel Bayliss and Burleigh, {Matthew R.} and Laetitia Delrez and G{\"u}nther, {Maximilian N.} and Hodgkin, {Simon T.} and Jackman, {James A. G.} and Jenkins, {James S.} and George King and James McCormac and Nielsen, {Louise D.} and Liam Raynard and Smith, {Alexis M. S.} and Maritza Soto and Oliver Turner and Wheatley, {Peter J.} and Yaseen Almleaky and Armstrong, {David J.} and Claudia Belardi and Fran{\c c}ois Bouchy and Briegal, {Joshua T.} and Artem Burdanov and Juan Cabrera and Casewell, {Sarah L.} and Alexander Chaushev and Bruno Chazelas and Paul Chote and Cooke, {Benjamin F.} and Szilard Csizmadia and Elsa Ducrot and Philipp Eigm{\"u}ller and Anders Erikson and Emma Foxell and G{\"a}nsicke, {Boris T.} and Micha{\"e}l Gillon and Goad, {Michael R.} and Emmanu{\"e}l Jehin and Gregory Lambert and Longstaff, {Emma S.} and Tom Louden and Maximiliano Moyano and Catriona Murray and Don Pollacco and Didier Queloz and Heike Rauer and Sandrine Sohy and Thompson, {Samantha J.} and St{\'e}phane Udry and Walker, {Simon R.} and Watson, {Christopher A.}",

year = "2019",

month = jul,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1093/mnras/stz1084",

language = "English",

volume = "486",

pages = "5094--5103",

journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",

issn = "0035-8711",

publisher = "Oxford University Press",

number = "4",

}

West, RG, Gillen, E, Bayliss, D, Burleigh, MR, Delrez, L, Günther, MN, Hodgkin, ST, Jackman, JAG, Jenkins, JS, King, G, McCormac, J, Nielsen, LD, Raynard, L, Smith, AMS, Soto, M, Turner, O, Wheatley, PJ, Almleaky, Y, Armstrong, DJ, Belardi, C, Bouchy, F, Briegal, JT, Burdanov, A, Cabrera, J, Casewell, SL, Chaushev, A, Chazelas, B, Chote, P, Cooke, BF, Csizmadia, S, Ducrot, E, Eigmüller, P, Erikson, A, Foxell, E, Gänsicke, BT, Gillon, M, Goad, MR, Jehin, E, Lambert, G, Longstaff, ES, Louden, T, Moyano, M, Murray, C, Pollacco, D, Queloz, D, Rauer, H, Sohy, S, Thompson, SJ, Udry, S, Walker, SR & Watson, CA 2019, 'NGTS-4b: A sub-Neptune transiting in the desert', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 486, no. 4, pp. 5094-5103. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1084

TY - JOUR

T1 - NGTS-4b: A sub-Neptune transiting in the desert

AU - West, Richard G.

AU - Gillen, Edward

AU - Bayliss, Daniel

AU - Burleigh, Matthew R.

AU - Delrez, Laetitia

AU - Günther, Maximilian N.

AU - Hodgkin, Simon T.

AU - Jackman, James A. G.

AU - Jenkins, James S.

AU - King, George

AU - McCormac, James

AU - Nielsen, Louise D.

AU - Raynard, Liam

AU - Smith, Alexis M. S.

AU - Soto, Maritza

AU - Turner, Oliver

AU - Wheatley, Peter J.

AU - Almleaky, Yaseen

AU - Armstrong, David J.

AU - Belardi, Claudia

AU - Bouchy, François

AU - Briegal, Joshua T.

AU - Burdanov, Artem

AU - Cabrera, Juan

AU - Casewell, Sarah L.

AU - Chaushev, Alexander

AU - Chazelas, Bruno

AU - Chote, Paul

AU - Cooke, Benjamin F.

AU - Csizmadia, Szilard

AU - Ducrot, Elsa

AU - Eigmüller, Philipp

AU - Erikson, Anders

AU - Foxell, Emma

AU - Gänsicke, Boris T.

AU - Gillon, Michaël

AU - Goad, Michael R.

AU - Jehin, Emmanuël

AU - Lambert, Gregory

AU - Longstaff, Emma S.

AU - Louden, Tom

AU - Moyano, Maximiliano

AU - Murray, Catriona

AU - Pollacco, Don

AU - Queloz, Didier

AU - Rauer, Heike

AU - Sohy, Sandrine

AU - Thompson, Samantha J.

AU - Udry, Stéphane

AU - Walker, Simon R.

AU - Watson, Christopher A.

PY - 2019/7/1

Y1 - 2019/7/1

N2 - We report the discovery of NGTS-4b, a sub-Neptune-sized planet transiting a 13th magnitude K-dwarf in a 1.34 d orbit. NGTS-4b has a mass M = 20.6 ± 3.0 M⊕ and radius R = 3.18 ± 0.26 R⊕, which places it well within the so-called `Neptunian Desert'. The mean density of the planet (3.45 ± 0.95 g cm-3) is consistent with a composition of 100 per cent H2O or a rocky core with a volatile envelope. NGTS-4b is likely to suffer significant mass loss due to relatively strong EUV/X-ray irradiation. Its survival in the Neptunian desert may be due to an unusually high-core mass, or it may have avoided the most intense X-ray irradiation by migrating after the initial activity of its host star had subsided. With a transit depth of 0.13 ± 0.02 per cent, NGTS-4b represents the shallowest transiting system ever discovered from the ground, and is the smallest planet discovered in a wide-field ground-based photometric survey.

AB - We report the discovery of NGTS-4b, a sub-Neptune-sized planet transiting a 13th magnitude K-dwarf in a 1.34 d orbit. NGTS-4b has a mass M = 20.6 ± 3.0 M⊕ and radius R = 3.18 ± 0.26 R⊕, which places it well within the so-called `Neptunian Desert'. The mean density of the planet (3.45 ± 0.95 g cm-3) is consistent with a composition of 100 per cent H2O or a rocky core with a volatile envelope. NGTS-4b is likely to suffer significant mass loss due to relatively strong EUV/X-ray irradiation. Its survival in the Neptunian desert may be due to an unusually high-core mass, or it may have avoided the most intense X-ray irradiation by migrating after the initial activity of its host star had subsided. With a transit depth of 0.13 ± 0.02 per cent, NGTS-4b represents the shallowest transiting system ever discovered from the ground, and is the smallest planet discovered in a wide-field ground-based photometric survey.

KW - techniques: photometric

KW - planets and satellites: detection

KW - stars: individual: NGTS-4- planetary systems

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stz1084

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stz1084

M3 - Article

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 486

SP - 5094

EP - 5103

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 4

ER -

NGTS-4b: A sub-Neptune transiting in the desert

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