Non-invasive glucose sensing system using microwave technology for saliva-based diabetes management

Adarsh Singh; Rahul Neogy; Bappaditya Mandal; Soumyadeep Das; Debasis Mitra; Robin Augustine

doi:10.23919/EuCAP63536.2025.10999649

Non-invasive glucose sensing system using microwave technology for saliva-based diabetes management

Adarsh Singh^*
, Rahul Neogy^*
, Bappaditya Mandal
, Soumyadeep Das
, Debasis Mitra^*
, Robin Augustine

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

1 Citation (Scopus)

Abstract

Diabetes is a global health issue that requires continuous monitoring of blood glucose levels to manage the disease and prevent complications. Traditional methods, like finger-prick tests, are invasive and inconvenient, leading many patients to avoid regular testing. This article presents a low-cost, non-invasive method for continuous glucose monitoring to address these challenges. The study presents a novel triple-ring implantable antenna designed to function as a tooth cap, which utilizes saliva to monitor glucose levels. The antenna operates across a wide frequency range from 5 GHz to 9.5 GHz, including the 5.8 GHz ISM band. The study establishes a detailed correlation between blood glucose levels (BGL), saliva glucose levels (SGL), and the dielectric properties of saliva. This relationship is used to demonstrate how resonant frequency can act as a sensing parameter for glucose levels. The findings highlight the potential of microwave-based, non-invasive sensors for effective and continuous glucose monitoring.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	2025 19th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP): Proceedings
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
ISBN (Electronic)	9788831299107
ISBN (Print)	9798350366327
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.23919/EuCAP63536.2025.10999649
Publication status	Published - 21 May 2025
Event	19th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2025 - Stockholm, Sweden Duration: 30 Mar 2025 → 04 Apr 2025

Publication series

Name	European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP): Proceedings
ISSN (Print)	2164-3342

Conference

Conference	19th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2025
Country/Territory	Sweden
City	Stockholm
Period	30/03/2025 → 04/04/2025

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 European Association on Antennas and Propagation.

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

Keywords

implantable antenna
Tooth cap antenna

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Computer Networks and Communications
Modelling and Simulation
Instrumentation
Radiation

Access to Document

10.23919/EuCAP63536.2025.10999649Licence: Unspecified

Cite this

Singh, A., Neogy, R., Mandal, B., Das, S., Mitra, D., & Augustine, R. (2025). Non-invasive glucose sensing system using microwave technology for saliva-based diabetes management. In 2025 19th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP): Proceedings (European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP): Proceedings). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. https://doi.org/10.23919/EuCAP63536.2025.10999649

Singh, Adarsh ; Neogy, Rahul ; Mandal, Bappaditya et al. / Non-invasive glucose sensing system using microwave technology for saliva-based diabetes management. 2025 19th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP): Proceedings. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025. (European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP): Proceedings).

@inproceedings{f463d92d88b8407a823069c5bde648dd,

title = "Non-invasive glucose sensing system using microwave technology for saliva-based diabetes management",

abstract = "Diabetes is a global health issue that requires continuous monitoring of blood glucose levels to manage the disease and prevent complications. Traditional methods, like finger-prick tests, are invasive and inconvenient, leading many patients to avoid regular testing. This article presents a low-cost, non-invasive method for continuous glucose monitoring to address these challenges. The study presents a novel triple-ring implantable antenna designed to function as a tooth cap, which utilizes saliva to monitor glucose levels. The antenna operates across a wide frequency range from 5 GHz to 9.5 GHz, including the 5.8 GHz ISM band. The study establishes a detailed correlation between blood glucose levels (BGL), saliva glucose levels (SGL), and the dielectric properties of saliva. This relationship is used to demonstrate how resonant frequency can act as a sensing parameter for glucose levels. The findings highlight the potential of microwave-based, non-invasive sensors for effective and continuous glucose monitoring.",

keywords = "implantable antenna, Tooth cap antenna",

author = "Adarsh Singh and Rahul Neogy and Bappaditya Mandal and Soumyadeep Das and Debasis Mitra and Robin Augustine",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 European Association on Antennas and Propagation.; 19th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2025 ; Conference date: 30-03-2025 Through 04-04-2025",

year = "2025",

month = may,

day = "21",

doi = "10.23919/EuCAP63536.2025.10999649",

language = "English",

isbn = "9798350366327",

series = "European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP): Proceedings",

publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",

booktitle = "2025 19th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP): Proceedings",

address = "United States",

}

Singh, A, Neogy, R, Mandal, B, Das, S, Mitra, D & Augustine, R 2025, Non-invasive glucose sensing system using microwave technology for saliva-based diabetes management. in 2025 19th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP): Proceedings. European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP): Proceedings, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 19th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2025, Stockholm, Sweden, 30/03/2025. https://doi.org/10.23919/EuCAP63536.2025.10999649

Non-invasive glucose sensing system using microwave technology for saliva-based diabetes management. / Singh, Adarsh; Neogy, Rahul; Mandal, Bappaditya et al.
2025 19th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP): Proceedings. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025. (European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP): Proceedings).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

TY - GEN

T1 - Non-invasive glucose sensing system using microwave technology for saliva-based diabetes management

AU - Singh, Adarsh

AU - Neogy, Rahul

AU - Mandal, Bappaditya

AU - Das, Soumyadeep

AU - Mitra, Debasis

AU - Augustine, Robin

PY - 2025/5/21

Y1 - 2025/5/21

N2 - Diabetes is a global health issue that requires continuous monitoring of blood glucose levels to manage the disease and prevent complications. Traditional methods, like finger-prick tests, are invasive and inconvenient, leading many patients to avoid regular testing. This article presents a low-cost, non-invasive method for continuous glucose monitoring to address these challenges. The study presents a novel triple-ring implantable antenna designed to function as a tooth cap, which utilizes saliva to monitor glucose levels. The antenna operates across a wide frequency range from 5 GHz to 9.5 GHz, including the 5.8 GHz ISM band. The study establishes a detailed correlation between blood glucose levels (BGL), saliva glucose levels (SGL), and the dielectric properties of saliva. This relationship is used to demonstrate how resonant frequency can act as a sensing parameter for glucose levels. The findings highlight the potential of microwave-based, non-invasive sensors for effective and continuous glucose monitoring.

AB - Diabetes is a global health issue that requires continuous monitoring of blood glucose levels to manage the disease and prevent complications. Traditional methods, like finger-prick tests, are invasive and inconvenient, leading many patients to avoid regular testing. This article presents a low-cost, non-invasive method for continuous glucose monitoring to address these challenges. The study presents a novel triple-ring implantable antenna designed to function as a tooth cap, which utilizes saliva to monitor glucose levels. The antenna operates across a wide frequency range from 5 GHz to 9.5 GHz, including the 5.8 GHz ISM band. The study establishes a detailed correlation between blood glucose levels (BGL), saliva glucose levels (SGL), and the dielectric properties of saliva. This relationship is used to demonstrate how resonant frequency can act as a sensing parameter for glucose levels. The findings highlight the potential of microwave-based, non-invasive sensors for effective and continuous glucose monitoring.

KW - implantable antenna

KW - Tooth cap antenna

U2 - 10.23919/EuCAP63536.2025.10999649

DO - 10.23919/EuCAP63536.2025.10999649

M3 - Conference contribution

AN - SCOPUS:105007504032

SN - 9798350366327

T3 - European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP): Proceedings

BT - 2025 19th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP): Proceedings

PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.

T2 - 19th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2025

Y2 - 30 March 2025 through 4 April 2025

ER -

Singh A, Neogy R, Mandal B, Das S, Mitra D, Augustine R. Non-invasive glucose sensing system using microwave technology for saliva-based diabetes management. In 2025 19th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP): Proceedings. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 2025. (European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP): Proceedings). doi: 10.23919/EuCAP63536.2025.10999649

Non-invasive glucose sensing system using microwave technology for saliva-based diabetes management

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

Bibliographical note

UN SDGs

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

Fingerprint

Cite this