Operation of a free-electron laser from the extreme ultraviolet to the water window

W. Ackermann; G. Asova; V. Ayvazyan; A. Azima; N. Baboi; J. Bahr; V. Balandin; B. Beutner; A. Brandt; A. Bolzmann; R. Brinkmann; O.I. Brovko; M. Castellano; P. Castro; L. Catani; E. Chiadroni; S. Choroba; A. Cianchi; J.T. Costello; D. Cubaynes; J. Dardis; W. Decking; H. Delsim-Hashemi; A. Delserieys; G. Di Pirro; M. Dohlus; S. Düsterer; A. Eckhardt; H.T. Edwards; B. Faatz; J. Feldhaus; K. Flöttmann; J. Frisch; L. Fröhlich; T. Garvey; U. Gensch; Gerth Ch; M. Görler; N. Golubeva; H.-J. Grabosch; M. Grecki; O. Grimm; K. Hacker; U. Hahn; J.H. Han; K. Honkavaara; T. Hott; M. Hüning; Y. Ivanisenko; E. Jaeschke; W. Jalmuzna; T. Jezynski; R. Kammering; V. Katalev; K. Kavanagh; E.T. Kennedy; S. Khodyachykh; K. Klose; V. Kocharyan; M. Körfer; M. Kollewe; W. Koprek; S. Korepanov; D. Kostin; M. Krassilnikov; G. Kube; M. Kuhlmann; Ciaran Lewis; L. Lilje; T. Limberg; D. Lipka; F. Löhl; H. Luna; M. Luong; M. Martins; M. Meyer; P. Michelato; V. Miltchev; W.D. Möller; L. Monaco; W.F.O. Müller; O. Napieralski; O. Napoly; P. Nicolosi; D. Nölle; T. Nuñez; A. Oppelt; C. Pagani; R. Paparella; N. Pchalek; J. Pedregosa-Gutierrez; B. Petersen; B. Petrosyan; G. Petrosyan; L. Petrosyan; J. Pflüger; E. Plönjes; L. Poletto; K. Pozniak; E. Prat; D. Proch; P. Pucyk; P. Radcliffe; H. Redlin; K. Rehlich; M. Richter; M. Roehrs; J. Roensch; R. Romaniuk; M. Ross; J. Rossbach; V. Rybnikov; M. Sachwitz; E.L. Saldin; W. Sandner; H. Schlarb; B. Schmidt; M. Schmitz; P. Schmüser; J.R. Schneider; E.A. Schneidmiller; S. Schnepp; S. Schreiber; M. Seidel; D. Sertore; A.V. Shabunov; C. Simon; S. Simrock; E. Sombrowski; A.A. Sorokin; P. Spanknebel; R. Spesyvtsev; L. Staykov; B. Steffen; F. Stephan; F. Stulle; H. Thom; K. Tiedtke; M. Tischer; S. Toleikis; R. Treusch; D. Trines; I. Tsakov; E. Vogel; T. Weiland; H. Weise; M. Wellhöfer; M. Wendt; I. Will; A. Winter; K. Wittenburg; W. Wurth; P. Yeates; M.V. Yurkov; I. Zagorodnov; K. Zapfe

doi:10.1038/nphoton.2007.76

Operation of a free-electron laser from the extreme ultraviolet to the water window

W. Ackermann, G. Asova, V. Ayvazyan, A. Azima, N. Baboi, J. Bahr, V. Balandin, B. Beutner, A. Brandt, A. Bolzmann, R. Brinkmann, O.I. Brovko, M. Castellano, P. Castro, L. Catani, E. Chiadroni, S. Choroba, A. Cianchi, J.T. Costello, D. CubaynesJ. Dardis, W. Decking, H. Delsim-Hashemi, A. Delserieys, G. Di Pirro, M. Dohlus, S. Düsterer, A. Eckhardt, H.T. Edwards, B. Faatz, J. Feldhaus, K. Flöttmann, J. Frisch, L. Fröhlich, T. Garvey, U. Gensch, Gerth Ch, M. Görler, N. Golubeva, H.-J. Grabosch, M. Grecki, O. Grimm, K. Hacker, U. Hahn, J.H. Han, K. Honkavaara, T. Hott, M. Hüning, Y. Ivanisenko, E. Jaeschke, W. Jalmuzna, T. Jezynski, R. Kammering, V. Katalev, K. Kavanagh, E.T. Kennedy, S. Khodyachykh, K. Klose, V. Kocharyan, M. Körfer, M. Kollewe, W. Koprek, S. Korepanov, D. Kostin, M. Krassilnikov, G. Kube, M. Kuhlmann, Ciaran Lewis, L. Lilje, T. Limberg, D. Lipka, F. Löhl, H. Luna, M. Luong, M. Martins, M. Meyer, P. Michelato, V. Miltchev, W.D. Möller, L. Monaco, W.F.O. Müller, O. Napieralski, O. Napoly, P. Nicolosi, D. Nölle, T. Nuñez, A. Oppelt, C. Pagani, R. Paparella, N. Pchalek, J. Pedregosa-Gutierrez, B. Petersen, B. Petrosyan, G. Petrosyan, L. Petrosyan, J. Pflüger, E. Plönjes, L. Poletto, K. Pozniak, E. Prat, D. Proch, P. Pucyk, P. Radcliffe, H. Redlin, K. Rehlich, M. Richter, M. Roehrs, J. Roensch, R. Romaniuk, M. Ross, J. Rossbach, V. Rybnikov, M. Sachwitz, E.L. Saldin, W. Sandner, H. Schlarb, B. Schmidt, M. Schmitz, P. Schmüser, J.R. Schneider, E.A. Schneidmiller, S. Schnepp, S. Schreiber, M. Seidel, D. Sertore, A.V. Shabunov, C. Simon, S. Simrock, E. Sombrowski, A.A. Sorokin, P. Spanknebel, R. Spesyvtsev, L. Staykov, B. Steffen, F. Stephan, F. Stulle, H. Thom, K. Tiedtke, M. Tischer, S. Toleikis, R. Treusch, D. Trines, I. Tsakov, E. Vogel, T. Weiland, H. Weise, M. Wellhöfer, M. Wendt, I. Will, A. Winter, K. Wittenburg, W. Wurth, P. Yeates, M.V. Yurkov, I. Zagorodnov, K. Zapfe

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Abstract

We report results on the performance of a free-electron laser operating at a wavelength of 13.7 nm where unprecedented peak and average powers for a coherent extreme-ultraviolet radiation source have been measured. In the saturation regime, the peak energy approached 170 J for individual pulses, and the average energy per pulse reached 70 J. The pulse duration was in the region of 10 fs, and peak powers of 10 GW were achieved. At a pulse repetition frequency of 700 pulses per second, the average extreme-ultraviolet power reached 20 mW. The output beam also contained a significant contribution from odd harmonics of approximately 0.6% and 0.03% for the 3rd (4.6 nm) and the 5th (2.75 nm) harmonics, respectively. At 2.75 nm the 5th harmonic of the radiation reaches deep into the water window, a wavelength range that is crucially important for the investigation of biological samples.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	336-342
Number of pages	7
Journal	Nature Photonics
Volume	1
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2007.76
Publication status	Published - Jun 2007

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

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10.1038/nphoton.2007.76

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Ackermann, W., Asova, G., Ayvazyan, V., Azima, A., Baboi, N., Bahr, J., Balandin, V., Beutner, B., Brandt, A., Bolzmann, A., Brinkmann, R., Brovko, O. I., Castellano, M., Castro, P., Catani, L., Chiadroni, E., Choroba, S., Cianchi, A., Costello, J. T., ... Zapfe, K. (2007). Operation of a free-electron laser from the extreme ultraviolet to the water window. Nature Photonics, 1(6), 336-342. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2007.76

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title = "Operation of a free-electron laser from the extreme ultraviolet to the water window",

abstract = "We report results on the performance of a free-electron laser operating at a wavelength of 13.7 nm where unprecedented peak and average powers for a coherent extreme-ultraviolet radiation source have been measured. In the saturation regime, the peak energy approached 170 J for individual pulses, and the average energy per pulse reached 70 J. The pulse duration was in the region of 10 fs, and peak powers of 10 GW were achieved. At a pulse repetition frequency of 700 pulses per second, the average extreme-ultraviolet power reached 20 mW. The output beam also contained a significant contribution from odd harmonics of approximately 0.6% and 0.03% for the 3rd (4.6 nm) and the 5th (2.75 nm) harmonics, respectively. At 2.75 nm the 5th harmonic of the radiation reaches deep into the water window, a wavelength range that is crucially important for the investigation of biological samples.",

author = "W. Ackermann and G. Asova and V. Ayvazyan and A. Azima and N. Baboi and J. Bahr and V. Balandin and B. Beutner and A. Brandt and A. Bolzmann and R. Brinkmann and O.I. Brovko and M. Castellano and P. Castro and L. Catani and E. Chiadroni and S. Choroba and A. Cianchi and J.T. Costello and D. Cubaynes and J. Dardis and W. Decking and H. Delsim-Hashemi and A. Delserieys and {Di Pirro}, G. and M. Dohlus and S. D{\"u}sterer and A. Eckhardt and H.T. Edwards and B. Faatz and J. Feldhaus and K. Fl{\"o}ttmann and J. Frisch and L. Fr{\"o}hlich and T. Garvey and U. Gensch and Gerth Ch and M. G{\"o}rler and N. Golubeva and H.-J. Grabosch and M. Grecki and O. Grimm and K. Hacker and U. Hahn and J.H. Han and K. Honkavaara and T. Hott and M. H{\"u}ning and Y. Ivanisenko and E. Jaeschke and W. Jalmuzna and T. Jezynski and R. Kammering and V. Katalev and K. Kavanagh and E.T. Kennedy and S. Khodyachykh and K. Klose and V. Kocharyan and M. K{\"o}rfer and M. Kollewe and W. Koprek and S. Korepanov and D. Kostin and M. Krassilnikov and G. Kube and M. Kuhlmann and Ciaran Lewis and L. Lilje and T. Limberg and D. Lipka and F. L{\"o}hl and H. Luna and M. Luong and M. Martins and M. Meyer and P. Michelato and V. Miltchev and W.D. M{\"o}ller and L. Monaco and W.F.O. M{\"u}ller and O. Napieralski and O. Napoly and P. Nicolosi and D. N{\"o}lle and T. Nu{\~n}ez and A. Oppelt and C. Pagani and R. Paparella and N. Pchalek and J. Pedregosa-Gutierrez and B. Petersen and B. Petrosyan and G. Petrosyan and L. Petrosyan and J. Pfl{\"u}ger and E. Pl{\"o}njes and L. Poletto and K. Pozniak and E. Prat and D. Proch and P. Pucyk and P. Radcliffe and H. Redlin and K. Rehlich and M. Richter and M. Roehrs and J. Roensch and R. Romaniuk and M. Ross and J. Rossbach and V. Rybnikov and M. Sachwitz and E.L. Saldin and W. Sandner and H. Schlarb and B. Schmidt and M. Schmitz and P. Schm{\"u}ser and J.R. Schneider and E.A. Schneidmiller and S. Schnepp and S. Schreiber and M. Seidel and D. Sertore and A.V. Shabunov and C. Simon and S. Simrock and E. Sombrowski and A.A. Sorokin and P. Spanknebel and R. Spesyvtsev and L. Staykov and B. Steffen and F. Stephan and F. Stulle and H. Thom and K. Tiedtke and M. Tischer and S. Toleikis and R. Treusch and D. Trines and I. Tsakov and E. Vogel and T. Weiland and H. Weise and M. Wellh{\"o}fer and M. Wendt and I. Will and A. Winter and K. Wittenburg and W. Wurth and P. Yeates and M.V. Yurkov and I. Zagorodnov and K. Zapfe",

year = "2007",

month = jun,

doi = "10.1038/nphoton.2007.76",

language = "English",

volume = "1",

pages = "336--342",

journal = "Nature Photonics",

issn = "1749-4885",

publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",

number = "6",

}

Ackermann, W, Asova, G, Ayvazyan, V, Azima, A, Baboi, N, Bahr, J, Balandin, V, Beutner, B, Brandt, A, Bolzmann, A, Brinkmann, R, Brovko, OI, Castellano, M, Castro, P, Catani, L, Chiadroni, E, Choroba, S, Cianchi, A, Costello, JT, Cubaynes, D, Dardis, J, Decking, W, Delsim-Hashemi, H, Delserieys, A, Di Pirro, G, Dohlus, M, Düsterer, S, Eckhardt, A, Edwards, HT, Faatz, B, Feldhaus, J, Flöttmann, K, Frisch, J, Fröhlich, L, Garvey, T, Gensch, U, Ch, G, Görler, M, Golubeva, N, Grabosch, H-J, Grecki, M, Grimm, O, Hacker, K, Hahn, U, Han, JH, Honkavaara, K, Hott, T, Hüning, M, Ivanisenko, Y, Jaeschke, E, Jalmuzna, W, Jezynski, T, Kammering, R, Katalev, V, Kavanagh, K, Kennedy, ET, Khodyachykh, S, Klose, K, Kocharyan, V, Körfer, M, Kollewe, M, Koprek, W, Korepanov, S, Kostin, D, Krassilnikov, M, Kube, G, Kuhlmann, M, Lewis, C, Lilje, L, Limberg, T, Lipka, D, Löhl, F, Luna, H, Luong, M, Martins, M, Meyer, M, Michelato, P, Miltchev, V, Möller, WD, Monaco, L, Müller, WFO, Napieralski, O, Napoly, O, Nicolosi, P, Nölle, D, Nuñez, T, Oppelt, A, Pagani, C, Paparella, R, Pchalek, N, Pedregosa-Gutierrez, J, Petersen, B, Petrosyan, B, Petrosyan, G, Petrosyan, L, Pflüger, J, Plönjes, E, Poletto, L, Pozniak, K, Prat, E, Proch, D, Pucyk, P, Radcliffe, P, Redlin, H, Rehlich, K, Richter, M, Roehrs, M, Roensch, J, Romaniuk, R, Ross, M, Rossbach, J, Rybnikov, V, Sachwitz, M, Saldin, EL, Sandner, W, Schlarb, H, Schmidt, B, Schmitz, M, Schmüser, P, Schneider, JR, Schneidmiller, EA, Schnepp, S, Schreiber, S, Seidel, M, Sertore, D, Shabunov, AV, Simon, C, Simrock, S, Sombrowski, E, Sorokin, AA, Spanknebel, P, Spesyvtsev, R, Staykov, L, Steffen, B, Stephan, F, Stulle, F, Thom, H, Tiedtke, K, Tischer, M, Toleikis, S, Treusch, R, Trines, D, Tsakov, I, Vogel, E, Weiland, T, Weise, H, Wellhöfer, M, Wendt, M, Will, I, Winter, A, Wittenburg, K, Wurth, W, Yeates, P, Yurkov, MV, Zagorodnov, I & Zapfe, K 2007, 'Operation of a free-electron laser from the extreme ultraviolet to the water window', Nature Photonics, vol. 1, no. 6, pp. 336-342. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2007.76

TY - JOUR

T1 - Operation of a free-electron laser from the extreme ultraviolet to the water window

AU - Ackermann, W.

AU - Asova, G.

AU - Ayvazyan, V.

AU - Azima, A.

AU - Baboi, N.

AU - Bahr, J.

AU - Balandin, V.

AU - Beutner, B.

AU - Brandt, A.

AU - Bolzmann, A.

AU - Brinkmann, R.

AU - Brovko, O.I.

AU - Castellano, M.

AU - Castro, P.

AU - Catani, L.

AU - Chiadroni, E.

AU - Choroba, S.

AU - Cianchi, A.

AU - Costello, J.T.

AU - Cubaynes, D.

AU - Dardis, J.

AU - Decking, W.

AU - Delsim-Hashemi, H.

AU - Delserieys, A.

AU - Di Pirro, G.

AU - Dohlus, M.

AU - Düsterer, S.

AU - Eckhardt, A.

AU - Edwards, H.T.

AU - Faatz, B.

AU - Feldhaus, J.

AU - Flöttmann, K.

AU - Frisch, J.

AU - Fröhlich, L.

AU - Garvey, T.

AU - Gensch, U.

AU - Ch, Gerth

AU - Görler, M.

AU - Golubeva, N.

AU - Grabosch, H.-J.

AU - Grecki, M.

AU - Grimm, O.

AU - Hacker, K.

AU - Hahn, U.

AU - Han, J.H.

AU - Honkavaara, K.

AU - Hott, T.

AU - Hüning, M.

AU - Ivanisenko, Y.

AU - Jaeschke, E.

AU - Jalmuzna, W.

AU - Jezynski, T.

AU - Kammering, R.

AU - Katalev, V.

AU - Kavanagh, K.

AU - Kennedy, E.T.

AU - Khodyachykh, S.

AU - Klose, K.

AU - Kocharyan, V.

AU - Körfer, M.

AU - Kollewe, M.

AU - Koprek, W.

AU - Korepanov, S.

AU - Kostin, D.

AU - Krassilnikov, M.

AU - Kube, G.

AU - Kuhlmann, M.

AU - Lewis, Ciaran

AU - Lilje, L.

AU - Limberg, T.

AU - Lipka, D.

AU - Löhl, F.

AU - Luna, H.

AU - Luong, M.

AU - Martins, M.

AU - Meyer, M.

AU - Michelato, P.

AU - Miltchev, V.

AU - Möller, W.D.

AU - Monaco, L.

AU - Müller, W.F.O.

AU - Napieralski, O.

AU - Napoly, O.

AU - Nicolosi, P.

AU - Nölle, D.

AU - Nuñez, T.

AU - Oppelt, A.

AU - Pagani, C.

AU - Paparella, R.

AU - Pchalek, N.

AU - Pedregosa-Gutierrez, J.

AU - Petersen, B.

AU - Petrosyan, B.

AU - Petrosyan, G.

AU - Petrosyan, L.

AU - Pflüger, J.

AU - Plönjes, E.

AU - Poletto, L.

AU - Pozniak, K.

AU - Prat, E.

AU - Proch, D.

AU - Pucyk, P.

AU - Radcliffe, P.

AU - Redlin, H.

AU - Rehlich, K.

AU - Richter, M.

AU - Roehrs, M.

AU - Roensch, J.

AU - Romaniuk, R.

AU - Ross, M.

AU - Rossbach, J.

AU - Rybnikov, V.

AU - Sachwitz, M.

AU - Saldin, E.L.

AU - Sandner, W.

AU - Schlarb, H.

AU - Schmidt, B.

AU - Schmitz, M.

AU - Schmüser, P.

AU - Schneider, J.R.

AU - Schneidmiller, E.A.

AU - Schnepp, S.

AU - Schreiber, S.

AU - Seidel, M.

AU - Sertore, D.

AU - Shabunov, A.V.

AU - Simon, C.

AU - Simrock, S.

AU - Sombrowski, E.

AU - Sorokin, A.A.

AU - Spanknebel, P.

AU - Spesyvtsev, R.

AU - Staykov, L.

AU - Steffen, B.

AU - Stephan, F.

AU - Stulle, F.

AU - Thom, H.

AU - Tiedtke, K.

AU - Tischer, M.

AU - Toleikis, S.

AU - Treusch, R.

AU - Trines, D.

AU - Tsakov, I.

AU - Vogel, E.

AU - Weiland, T.

AU - Weise, H.

AU - Wellhöfer, M.

AU - Wendt, M.

AU - Will, I.

AU - Winter, A.

AU - Wittenburg, K.

AU - Wurth, W.

AU - Yeates, P.

AU - Yurkov, M.V.

AU - Zagorodnov, I.

AU - Zapfe, K.

PY - 2007/6

Y1 - 2007/6

N2 - We report results on the performance of a free-electron laser operating at a wavelength of 13.7 nm where unprecedented peak and average powers for a coherent extreme-ultraviolet radiation source have been measured. In the saturation regime, the peak energy approached 170 J for individual pulses, and the average energy per pulse reached 70 J. The pulse duration was in the region of 10 fs, and peak powers of 10 GW were achieved. At a pulse repetition frequency of 700 pulses per second, the average extreme-ultraviolet power reached 20 mW. The output beam also contained a significant contribution from odd harmonics of approximately 0.6% and 0.03% for the 3rd (4.6 nm) and the 5th (2.75 nm) harmonics, respectively. At 2.75 nm the 5th harmonic of the radiation reaches deep into the water window, a wavelength range that is crucially important for the investigation of biological samples.

AB - We report results on the performance of a free-electron laser operating at a wavelength of 13.7 nm where unprecedented peak and average powers for a coherent extreme-ultraviolet radiation source have been measured. In the saturation regime, the peak energy approached 170 J for individual pulses, and the average energy per pulse reached 70 J. The pulse duration was in the region of 10 fs, and peak powers of 10 GW were achieved. At a pulse repetition frequency of 700 pulses per second, the average extreme-ultraviolet power reached 20 mW. The output beam also contained a significant contribution from odd harmonics of approximately 0.6% and 0.03% for the 3rd (4.6 nm) and the 5th (2.75 nm) harmonics, respectively. At 2.75 nm the 5th harmonic of the radiation reaches deep into the water window, a wavelength range that is crucially important for the investigation of biological samples.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=34249901272&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1038/nphoton.2007.76

DO - 10.1038/nphoton.2007.76

M3 - Article

SN - 1749-4885

VL - 1

SP - 336

EP - 342

JO - Nature Photonics

JF - Nature Photonics

IS - 6

ER -

Operation of a free-electron laser from the extreme ultraviolet to the water window

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