Perinatal maternal depression in rural South Africa: Child outcomes over the first two years

Joan Christodoulou; Karl Le Roux; Mark Tomlinson; Ingrid M. Le Roux; Linnea Stansert Katzen; Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.019

Perinatal maternal depression in rural South Africa: Child outcomes over the first two years

Joan Christodoulou^*, Karl Le Roux, Mark Tomlinson, Ingrid M. Le Roux, Linnea Stansert Katzen, Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

16 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Aims

To examine child outcomes over time among mothers with perinatally depressed mood in rural South Africa (SA).

Methods

A representative sample of consecutive births (470/493) in the OR Tambo District of the Eastern Cape of South Africa (SA) were recruited and were reassessed at five points over the course of the next two years: 85% were reassessed at 3 months, 92% at 6 months, 88% at 9 months, 91% at 12 months, and 88% at 2 years post-birth. Over time, the children of mothers with perinatally depressed mood (16%) were compared to children of mothers without depressed mood using multiple linear and logistic regressions.

Results

Mothers with perinatal depressed mood are significantly less likely to live with the child's father or their in-laws (23% vs 35%), have household incomes above 2000 ZAR (154 USD) (31% vs 51%), and significantly more likely to have experienced IPV prior (19% vs 9%) and during (32% vs 20%) pregnancy compared to mothers without depressed mood. There are no differences in age, education, primipara, HIV status (29% seropositive), or alcohol use. Growth and developmental delays and motor and speech milestones through 24 months post-birth are similar for mothers with and without perinatal depressed mood.

Conclusions

Despite increased economic and partner difficulties associated with perinatal depressed mood, infant outcomes are similar in mothers with and without depressed mood in rural South Africa.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	168-174
Number of pages	7
Journal	Journal of Affective Disorders
Volume	247
Early online date	25 Jan 2019
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.019
Publication status	Published - 15 Mar 2019
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Compliance with ethical standards/ funding: This study was funded by the DG Murray Trust (South Africa), Philani (South Africa), NIMH ( T32MH109205 ), and Ilifa Labantwana (South Africa).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2019

Keywords

Children
Depression
Families
Health outcomes
Low and middle income countries
Rural regions
South Africa
Women

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Clinical Psychology
Psychiatry and Mental health

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.019Licence: Unspecified

Cite this

@article{215582bf6c7d434a9d4f254d3642cb21,

title = "Perinatal maternal depression in rural South Africa: Child outcomes over the first two years",

abstract = "AimsTo examine child outcomes over time among mothers with perinatally depressed mood in rural South Africa (SA).MethodsA representative sample of consecutive births (470/493) in the OR Tambo District of the Eastern Cape of South Africa (SA) were recruited and were reassessed at five points over the course of the next two years: 85% were reassessed at 3 months, 92% at 6 months, 88% at 9 months, 91% at 12 months, and 88% at 2 years post-birth. Over time, the children of mothers with perinatally depressed mood (16%) were compared to children of mothers without depressed mood using multiple linear and logistic regressions.ResultsMothers with perinatal depressed mood are significantly less likely to live with the child's father or their in-laws (23% vs 35%), have household incomes above 2000 ZAR (154 USD) (31% vs 51%), and significantly more likely to have experienced IPV prior (19% vs 9%) and during (32% vs 20%) pregnancy compared to mothers without depressed mood. There are no differences in age, education, primipara, HIV status (29% seropositive), or alcohol use. Growth and developmental delays and motor and speech milestones through 24 months post-birth are similar for mothers with and without perinatal depressed mood.ConclusionsDespite increased economic and partner difficulties associated with perinatal depressed mood, infant outcomes are similar in mothers with and without depressed mood in rural South Africa.",

keywords = "Children, Depression, Families, Health outcomes, Low and middle income countries, Rural regions, South Africa, Women",

author = "Joan Christodoulou and {Le Roux}, Karl and Mark Tomlinson and {Le Roux}, {Ingrid M.} and Katzen, {Linnea Stansert} and Rotheram-Borus, {Mary Jane}",

note = "Funding Information: Compliance with ethical standards/ funding: This study was funded by the DG Murray Trust (South Africa), Philani (South Africa), NIMH ( T32MH109205 ), and Ilifa Labantwana (South Africa). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019",

year = "2019",

month = mar,

day = "15",

doi = "10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.019",

language = "English",

volume = "247",

pages = "168--174",

journal = "Journal of Affective Disorders",

issn = "0165-0327",

publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Perinatal maternal depression in rural South Africa: Child outcomes over the first two years

AU - Christodoulou, Joan

AU - Le Roux, Karl

AU - Tomlinson, Mark

AU - Le Roux, Ingrid M.

AU - Katzen, Linnea Stansert

AU - Rotheram-Borus, Mary Jane

N1 - Funding Information: Compliance with ethical standards/ funding: This study was funded by the DG Murray Trust (South Africa), Philani (South Africa), NIMH ( T32MH109205 ), and Ilifa Labantwana (South Africa). Publisher Copyright: © 2019

PY - 2019/3/15

Y1 - 2019/3/15

N2 - AimsTo examine child outcomes over time among mothers with perinatally depressed mood in rural South Africa (SA).MethodsA representative sample of consecutive births (470/493) in the OR Tambo District of the Eastern Cape of South Africa (SA) were recruited and were reassessed at five points over the course of the next two years: 85% were reassessed at 3 months, 92% at 6 months, 88% at 9 months, 91% at 12 months, and 88% at 2 years post-birth. Over time, the children of mothers with perinatally depressed mood (16%) were compared to children of mothers without depressed mood using multiple linear and logistic regressions.ResultsMothers with perinatal depressed mood are significantly less likely to live with the child's father or their in-laws (23% vs 35%), have household incomes above 2000 ZAR (154 USD) (31% vs 51%), and significantly more likely to have experienced IPV prior (19% vs 9%) and during (32% vs 20%) pregnancy compared to mothers without depressed mood. There are no differences in age, education, primipara, HIV status (29% seropositive), or alcohol use. Growth and developmental delays and motor and speech milestones through 24 months post-birth are similar for mothers with and without perinatal depressed mood.ConclusionsDespite increased economic and partner difficulties associated with perinatal depressed mood, infant outcomes are similar in mothers with and without depressed mood in rural South Africa.

AB - AimsTo examine child outcomes over time among mothers with perinatally depressed mood in rural South Africa (SA).MethodsA representative sample of consecutive births (470/493) in the OR Tambo District of the Eastern Cape of South Africa (SA) were recruited and were reassessed at five points over the course of the next two years: 85% were reassessed at 3 months, 92% at 6 months, 88% at 9 months, 91% at 12 months, and 88% at 2 years post-birth. Over time, the children of mothers with perinatally depressed mood (16%) were compared to children of mothers without depressed mood using multiple linear and logistic regressions.ResultsMothers with perinatal depressed mood are significantly less likely to live with the child's father or their in-laws (23% vs 35%), have household incomes above 2000 ZAR (154 USD) (31% vs 51%), and significantly more likely to have experienced IPV prior (19% vs 9%) and during (32% vs 20%) pregnancy compared to mothers without depressed mood. There are no differences in age, education, primipara, HIV status (29% seropositive), or alcohol use. Growth and developmental delays and motor and speech milestones through 24 months post-birth are similar for mothers with and without perinatal depressed mood.ConclusionsDespite increased economic and partner difficulties associated with perinatal depressed mood, infant outcomes are similar in mothers with and without depressed mood in rural South Africa.

KW - Children

KW - Depression

KW - Families

KW - Health outcomes

KW - Low and middle income countries

KW - Rural regions

KW - South Africa

KW - Women

U2 - 10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.019

DO - 10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.019

M3 - Article

C2 - 30682695

AN - SCOPUS:85060233918

SN - 0165-0327

VL - 247

SP - 168

EP - 174

JO - Journal of Affective Disorders

JF - Journal of Affective Disorders

ER -

Perinatal maternal depression in rural South Africa: Child outcomes over the first two years

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Fingerprint

Cite this