Pregnancy: preparation for the next generation

Adequate nutrition is vital for a good pregnancy outcome. Some effects of good nutrition during pregnancy can be appreciated immediately, such as reduced risk of maternal anemia and improved maternal glucose control. Others are evident upon the birth of the infant, such as healthy birth weight and reduced risk of congenital defects. Still other benefits of a healthy diet during pregnancy may not be apparent for years to come.

Specific nutritional concerns during pregnancy include gaining an appropriate amount of gestational weight, meeting micronutrient and essential fatty acid requirements, and avoiding or limiting intake of certain nutrients and foods during pregnancy owing to potential adverse effects on the fetus. High-risk pregnancies require specialist management from a multidisciplinary team, including dietetic support as appropriate. Nutrition remains a priority in the postpartum period to ensure nutritional adequacy of the mother’s diet while breastfeeding and to support postpartum weight loss.

Ideally, therefore, good nutrition practices should be encouraged well in advance of conception and continue throughout pregnancy, lactation, and the postpartum period.