Progenitor, environment, and modelling of the interacting transient AT 2016jbu (Gaia16cfr)

S J Brennan; M Fraser; J Johansson; A Pastorello; R Kotak; H F Stevance; T-W Chen; J J Eldridge; S Bose; P J Brown; E Callis; R Cartier; M Dennefeld; Subo Dong; P Duffy; N Elias-Rosa; G Hosseinzadeh; E Hsiao; H Kuncarayakti; A Martin-Carrillo; B Monard; G Pignata; D Sand; B J Shappee; S J Smartt; B E Tucker; L Wyrzykowski; H Abbot; S Benetti; J Bento; S Blondin; Ping Chen; A Delgado; L Galbany; M Gromadzki; C P Gutiérrez; L Hanlon; D L Harrison; D Hiramatsu; S T Hodgkin; T W-S Holoien; D A Howell; C Inserra; E Kankare; S Kozłowski; T E Müller-Bravo; K Maguire; C McCully; P Meintjes; N Morrell; M Nicholl; D O’Neill; P Pietrukowicz; R Poleski; J L Prieto; A Rau; D E Reichart; T Schweyer; M Shahbandeh; J Skowron; J Sollerman; I Soszyński; M D Stritzinger; M Szymański; L Tartaglia; A Udalski; K Ulaczyk; D R Young; M van Leeuwen; B van Soelen

doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1228

Progenitor, environment, and modelling of the interacting transient AT 2016jbu (Gaia16cfr)

S J Brennan, M Fraser, J Johansson, A Pastorello, R Kotak, H F Stevance, T-W Chen, J J Eldridge, S Bose, P J Brown, E Callis, R Cartier, M Dennefeld, Subo Dong, P Duffy, N Elias-Rosa, G Hosseinzadeh, E Hsiao, H Kuncarayakti, A Martin-CarrilloB Monard, G Pignata, D Sand, B J Shappee, S J Smartt, B E Tucker, L Wyrzykowski, H Abbot, S Benetti, J Bento, S Blondin, Ping Chen, A Delgado, L Galbany, M Gromadzki, C P Gutiérrez, L Hanlon, D L Harrison, D Hiramatsu, S T Hodgkin, T W-S Holoien, D A Howell, C Inserra, E Kankare, S Kozłowski, T E Müller-Bravo, K Maguire, C McCully, P Meintjes, N Morrell, M Nicholl, D O’Neill, P Pietrukowicz, R Poleski, J L Prieto, A Rau, D E Reichart, T Schweyer, M Shahbandeh, J Skowron, J Sollerman, I Soszyński, M D Stritzinger, M Szymański, L Tartaglia, A Udalski, K Ulaczyk, D R Young, M van Leeuwen, B van Soelen

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Abstract

We present the bolometric lightcurve, identification and analysis of the progenitor candidate, and preliminary modelling of AT 2016jbu (Gaia16cfr). We find a progenitor consistent with a ∼ 22–25 M⊙ yellow hypergiant surrounded by a dusty circumstellar shell, in agreement with what has been previously reported. We see evidence for significant photometric variability in the progenitor, as well as strong Hα emission consistent with pre-existing circumstellar material. The age of the environment as well as the resolved stellar population surrounding AT 2016jbu, support a progenitor age of >10 Myr, consistent with a progenitor mass of ∼22 M⊙. A joint analysis of the velocity evolution of AT 2016jbu, and the photospheric radius inferred from the bolometric lightcurve shows the transient is consistent with two successive outbursts/explosions. The first outburst ejected material with velocity ∼650 km s−1, while the second, more energetic event, ejected material at ∼4500 km s−1. Whether the latter is the core-collapse of the progenitor remains uncertain. We place a limit on the ejected 56Ni mass of <0.016M⊙. Using the bpass code, we explore a wide range of possible progenitor systems, and find that the majority of these are in binaries, some of which are undergoing mass transfer or common envelope evolution immediately prior to explosion. Finally, we use the snec code to demonstrate that the low-energy explosion within some of these binary systems, together with sufficient CSM, can reproduce the overall morphology of the lightcurve of AT 2016jbu.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	5666–5685
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	513
Issue number	4
Early online date	06 May 2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac1228
Publication status	Published - Jul 2022

Keywords

Space and Planetary Science
Astronomy and Astrophysics

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Progenitor, environment, and modelling of the interacting transient AT 2016jbu (Gaia16cfr)
Copyright 2022, the Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. This work is made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher.
Final published version, 5.24 MBLicence: Unspecified

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Brennan, S. J., Fraser, M., Johansson, J., Pastorello, A., Kotak, R., Stevance, H. F., Chen, T.-W., Eldridge, J. J., Bose, S., Brown, P. J., Callis, E., Cartier, R., Dennefeld, M., Dong, S., Duffy, P., Elias-Rosa, N., Hosseinzadeh, G., Hsiao, E., Kuncarayakti, H., ... van Soelen, B. (2022). Progenitor, environment, and modelling of the interacting transient AT 2016jbu (Gaia16cfr). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 513(4), 5666–5685. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac1228

@article{cd15789357654198ba1c02729cefb6b7,

title = "Progenitor, environment, and modelling of the interacting transient AT 2016jbu (Gaia16cfr)",

abstract = "We present the bolometric lightcurve, identification and analysis of the progenitor candidate, and preliminary modelling of AT 2016jbu (Gaia16cfr). We find a progenitor consistent with a ∼ 22–25 M⊙ yellow hypergiant surrounded by a dusty circumstellar shell, in agreement with what has been previously reported. We see evidence for significant photometric variability in the progenitor, as well as strong Hα emission consistent with pre-existing circumstellar material. The age of the environment as well as the resolved stellar population surrounding AT 2016jbu, support a progenitor age of >10 Myr, consistent with a progenitor mass of ∼22 M⊙. A joint analysis of the velocity evolution of AT 2016jbu, and the photospheric radius inferred from the bolometric lightcurve shows the transient is consistent with two successive outbursts/explosions. The first outburst ejected material with velocity ∼650 km s−1, while the second, more energetic event, ejected material at ∼4500 km s−1. Whether the latter is the core-collapse of the progenitor remains uncertain. We place a limit on the ejected 56Ni mass of <0.016M⊙. Using the bpass code, we explore a wide range of possible progenitor systems, and find that the majority of these are in binaries, some of which are undergoing mass transfer or common envelope evolution immediately prior to explosion. Finally, we use the snec code to demonstrate that the low-energy explosion within some of these binary systems, together with sufficient CSM, can reproduce the overall morphology of the lightcurve of AT 2016jbu.",

keywords = "Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics",

author = "Brennan, {S J} and M Fraser and J Johansson and A Pastorello and R Kotak and Stevance, {H F} and T-W Chen and Eldridge, {J J} and S Bose and Brown, {P J} and E Callis and R Cartier and M Dennefeld and Subo Dong and P Duffy and N Elias-Rosa and G Hosseinzadeh and E Hsiao and H Kuncarayakti and A Martin-Carrillo and B Monard and G Pignata and D Sand and Shappee, {B J} and Smartt, {S J} and Tucker, {B E} and L Wyrzykowski and H Abbot and S Benetti and J Bento and S Blondin and Ping Chen and A Delgado and L Galbany and M Gromadzki and Guti{\'e}rrez, {C P} and L Hanlon and Harrison, {D L} and D Hiramatsu and Hodgkin, {S T} and Holoien, {T W-S} and Howell, {D A} and C Inserra and E Kankare and S Koz{\l}owski and M{\"u}ller-Bravo, {T E} and K Maguire and C McCully and P Meintjes and N Morrell and M Nicholl and D O{\textquoteright}Neill and P Pietrukowicz and R Poleski and Prieto, {J L} and A Rau and Reichart, {D E} and T Schweyer and M Shahbandeh and J Skowron and J Sollerman and I Soszy{\'n}ski and Stritzinger, {M D} and M Szyma{\'n}ski and L Tartaglia and A Udalski and K Ulaczyk and Young, {D R} and {van Leeuwen}, M and {van Soelen}, B",

year = "2022",

month = jul,

doi = "10.1093/mnras/stac1228",

language = "English",

volume = "513",

pages = "5666–5685",

journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",

issn = "0035-8711",

publisher = "Oxford University Press",

number = "4",

}

Brennan, SJ, Fraser, M, Johansson, J, Pastorello, A, Kotak, R, Stevance, HF, Chen, T-W, Eldridge, JJ, Bose, S, Brown, PJ, Callis, E, Cartier, R, Dennefeld, M, Dong, S, Duffy, P, Elias-Rosa, N, Hosseinzadeh, G, Hsiao, E, Kuncarayakti, H, Martin-Carrillo, A, Monard, B, Pignata, G, Sand, D, Shappee, BJ, Smartt, SJ, Tucker, BE, Wyrzykowski, L, Abbot, H, Benetti, S, Bento, J, Blondin, S, Chen, P, Delgado, A, Galbany, L, Gromadzki, M, Gutiérrez, CP, Hanlon, L, Harrison, DL, Hiramatsu, D, Hodgkin, ST, Holoien, TW-S, Howell, DA, Inserra, C, Kankare, E, Kozłowski, S, Müller-Bravo, TE, Maguire, K, McCully, C, Meintjes, P, Morrell, N, Nicholl, M, O’Neill, D, Pietrukowicz, P, Poleski, R, Prieto, JL, Rau, A, Reichart, DE, Schweyer, T, Shahbandeh, M, Skowron, J, Sollerman, J, Soszyński, I, Stritzinger, MD, Szymański, M, Tartaglia, L, Udalski, A, Ulaczyk, K, Young, DR, van Leeuwen, M & van Soelen, B 2022, 'Progenitor, environment, and modelling of the interacting transient AT 2016jbu (Gaia16cfr)', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 513, no. 4, pp. 5666–5685. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac1228

TY - JOUR

T1 - Progenitor, environment, and modelling of the interacting transient AT 2016jbu (Gaia16cfr)

AU - Brennan, S J

AU - Fraser, M

AU - Johansson, J

AU - Pastorello, A

AU - Kotak, R

AU - Stevance, H F

AU - Chen, T-W

AU - Eldridge, J J

AU - Bose, S

AU - Brown, P J

AU - Callis, E

AU - Cartier, R

AU - Dennefeld, M

AU - Dong, Subo

AU - Duffy, P

AU - Elias-Rosa, N

AU - Hosseinzadeh, G

AU - Hsiao, E

AU - Kuncarayakti, H

AU - Martin-Carrillo, A

AU - Monard, B

AU - Pignata, G

AU - Sand, D

AU - Shappee, B J

AU - Smartt, S J

AU - Tucker, B E

AU - Wyrzykowski, L

AU - Abbot, H

AU - Benetti, S

AU - Bento, J

AU - Blondin, S

AU - Chen, Ping

AU - Delgado, A

AU - Galbany, L

AU - Gromadzki, M

AU - Gutiérrez, C P

AU - Hanlon, L

AU - Harrison, D L

AU - Hiramatsu, D

AU - Hodgkin, S T

AU - Holoien, T W-S

AU - Howell, D A

AU - Inserra, C

AU - Kankare, E

AU - Kozłowski, S

AU - Müller-Bravo, T E

AU - Maguire, K

AU - McCully, C

AU - Meintjes, P

AU - Morrell, N

AU - Nicholl, M

AU - O’Neill, D

AU - Pietrukowicz, P

AU - Poleski, R

AU - Prieto, J L

AU - Rau, A

AU - Reichart, D E

AU - Schweyer, T

AU - Shahbandeh, M

AU - Skowron, J

AU - Sollerman, J

AU - Soszyński, I

AU - Stritzinger, M D

AU - Szymański, M

AU - Tartaglia, L

AU - Udalski, A

AU - Ulaczyk, K

AU - Young, D R

AU - van Leeuwen, M

AU - van Soelen, B

PY - 2022/7

Y1 - 2022/7

N2 - We present the bolometric lightcurve, identification and analysis of the progenitor candidate, and preliminary modelling of AT 2016jbu (Gaia16cfr). We find a progenitor consistent with a ∼ 22–25 M⊙ yellow hypergiant surrounded by a dusty circumstellar shell, in agreement with what has been previously reported. We see evidence for significant photometric variability in the progenitor, as well as strong Hα emission consistent with pre-existing circumstellar material. The age of the environment as well as the resolved stellar population surrounding AT 2016jbu, support a progenitor age of >10 Myr, consistent with a progenitor mass of ∼22 M⊙. A joint analysis of the velocity evolution of AT 2016jbu, and the photospheric radius inferred from the bolometric lightcurve shows the transient is consistent with two successive outbursts/explosions. The first outburst ejected material with velocity ∼650 km s−1, while the second, more energetic event, ejected material at ∼4500 km s−1. Whether the latter is the core-collapse of the progenitor remains uncertain. We place a limit on the ejected 56Ni mass of <0.016M⊙. Using the bpass code, we explore a wide range of possible progenitor systems, and find that the majority of these are in binaries, some of which are undergoing mass transfer or common envelope evolution immediately prior to explosion. Finally, we use the snec code to demonstrate that the low-energy explosion within some of these binary systems, together with sufficient CSM, can reproduce the overall morphology of the lightcurve of AT 2016jbu.

AB - We present the bolometric lightcurve, identification and analysis of the progenitor candidate, and preliminary modelling of AT 2016jbu (Gaia16cfr). We find a progenitor consistent with a ∼ 22–25 M⊙ yellow hypergiant surrounded by a dusty circumstellar shell, in agreement with what has been previously reported. We see evidence for significant photometric variability in the progenitor, as well as strong Hα emission consistent with pre-existing circumstellar material. The age of the environment as well as the resolved stellar population surrounding AT 2016jbu, support a progenitor age of >10 Myr, consistent with a progenitor mass of ∼22 M⊙. A joint analysis of the velocity evolution of AT 2016jbu, and the photospheric radius inferred from the bolometric lightcurve shows the transient is consistent with two successive outbursts/explosions. The first outburst ejected material with velocity ∼650 km s−1, while the second, more energetic event, ejected material at ∼4500 km s−1. Whether the latter is the core-collapse of the progenitor remains uncertain. We place a limit on the ejected 56Ni mass of <0.016M⊙. Using the bpass code, we explore a wide range of possible progenitor systems, and find that the majority of these are in binaries, some of which are undergoing mass transfer or common envelope evolution immediately prior to explosion. Finally, we use the snec code to demonstrate that the low-energy explosion within some of these binary systems, together with sufficient CSM, can reproduce the overall morphology of the lightcurve of AT 2016jbu.

KW - Space and Planetary Science

KW - Astronomy and Astrophysics

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stac1228

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stac1228

M3 - Article

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 513

SP - 5666

EP - 5685

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 4

ER -

Progenitor, environment, and modelling of the interacting transient AT 2016jbu (Gaia16cfr)

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