Raman spectroscopy for the detection of AGEs/ALEs

Raman spectroscopy is a noninvasive, nondestructive tool for capturing multiplexed biochemical information across diverse molecular species including proteins, lipids, DNA, and mineralizations. Based on light scattering from molecules, cells, and tissues, it is possible to detect molecular fingerprints and discriminate between subtly different members of each biochemical class. Raman spectroscopy is ideal for detecting perturbations from the expected molecular structure such as those occurring during senescence and the modification of long-lived proteins by metabolic intermediates as we age. Here, we describe the sample preparation, data acquisition, signal processing, data analysis and interpretation involved in using Raman spectroscopy for detecting age-related protein modifications in complex biological tissues.