Recovery of  release cloud from laser shock-loaded graphite and hydrocarbon targets: in search of diamonds

Anja Katharina Schuster; Katja Voigt; Benjamin Klemmed; Nicholas J Hartley; Julian B Lütgert; Carsten Bähtz; Albrecht Benad; Christian Brabetz; Thomas Cowan; Tilo Doeppner; Denise J Erb; Alexander Eychmueller; Stefan Facsko; Roger Falcone; Luke B Fletcher; Simon Frydrych; Georg C Ganzenmüller; Dirk O Gericke; Siegfried H Glenzer; Joerg Grenzer; Uwe Helbig; Stefan Hiermaier; René Hübner; Alejandro Laso Garcia; Hae Ja Lee; Michael J MacDonald; Emma McBride; Paul Neumayer; Arthur Pak; Alexander Pelka; Irene Prencipe; Alexey Prosvetov; Alexander Rack; Alessandra Ravasio; Ronald Redmer; Dirk Reemts; Melanie Rödel; Markus Schoelmerich; Dennis Schumacher; Marilena Tomut; Sally J Turner; Alison M Saunders; Peihao Sun; Jan Vorberger; Alex Zettl; Dominik Kraus

doi:10.1088/1361-6463/AC99E8

Recovery of release cloud from laser shock-loaded graphite and hydrocarbon targets: in search of diamonds

Anja Katharina Schuster, Katja Voigt, Benjamin Klemmed, Nicholas J Hartley, Julian B Lütgert, Carsten Bähtz, Albrecht Benad, Christian Brabetz, Thomas Cowan, Tilo Doeppner, Denise J Erb, Alexander Eychmueller, Stefan Facsko, Roger Falcone, Luke B Fletcher, Simon Frydrych, Georg C Ganzenmüller, Dirk O Gericke, Siegfried H Glenzer, Joerg GrenzerUwe Helbig, Stefan Hiermaier, René Hübner, Alejandro Laso Garcia, Hae Ja Lee, Michael J MacDonald, Emma McBride, Paul Neumayer, Arthur Pak, Alexander Pelka, Irene Prencipe, Alexey Prosvetov, Alexander Rack, Alessandra Ravasio, Ronald Redmer, Dirk Reemts, Melanie Rödel, Markus Schoelmerich, Dennis Schumacher, Marilena Tomut, Sally J Turner, Alison M Saunders, Peihao Sun, Jan Vorberger, Alex Zettl, Dominik Kraus

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Abstract

This work presents first insights into the dynamics of free-surface release clouds from dynamically compressed polystyrene and pyrolytic graphite at pressures up to 200 GPa, where they transform into diamond or lonsdaleite, respectively. These ejecta clouds are released into either vacuum or various types of catcher systems, and are monitored with high-speed recordings (frame rates up to 10 MHz). Molecular dynamics simulations are used to give insights to the rate of diamond preservation throughout the free expansion and the catcher impact process, highlighting the challenges of diamond retrieval. Raman spectroscopy data show graphitic signatures on a catcher plate confirming that the shock-compressed PS is transformed. First electron microscopy analyses of solid catcher plates yield an outstanding number of different spherical-like objects in the size range between ten(s) up to hundreds of nanometres, which are one type of two potential diamond candidates identified. The origin of some objects can unambiguously be assigned, while the history of others remains speculative.

Original language	English
Article number	025301
Journal	Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics
Volume	56
Issue number	2
Early online date	13 Oct 2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/AC99E8
Publication status	Published - 12 Jan 2023
Externally published	Yes

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10.1088/1361-6463/AC99E8Licence: CC BY

Recovery of release cloud from laser shock-loaded graphite and hydrocarbon targets: in search of diamonds
Copyright 2022 the authors. This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the author and source are cited.
Final published version, 10 MBLicence: CC BY

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Schuster, A. K., Voigt, K., Klemmed, B., Hartley, N. J., Lütgert, J. B., Bähtz, C., Benad, A., Brabetz, C., Cowan, T., Doeppner, T., Erb, D. J., Eychmueller, A., Facsko, S., Falcone, R., Fletcher, L. B., Frydrych, S., Ganzenmüller, G. C., Gericke, D. O., Glenzer, S. H., ... Kraus, D. (2023). Recovery of release cloud from laser shock-loaded graphite and hydrocarbon targets: in search of diamonds. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 56(2), Article 025301. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/AC99E8

@article{500b9136ca9246d6aeb56cf93ecfa564,

title = "Recovery of release cloud from laser shock-loaded graphite and hydrocarbon targets: in search of diamonds",

abstract = "This work presents first insights into the dynamics of free-surface release clouds from dynamically compressed polystyrene and pyrolytic graphite at pressures up to 200 GPa, where they transform into diamond or lonsdaleite, respectively. These ejecta clouds are released into either vacuum or various types of catcher systems, and are monitored with high-speed recordings (frame rates up to 10 MHz). Molecular dynamics simulations are used to give insights to the rate of diamond preservation throughout the free expansion and the catcher impact process, highlighting the challenges of diamond retrieval. Raman spectroscopy data show graphitic signatures on a catcher plate confirming that the shock-compressed PS is transformed. First electron microscopy analyses of solid catcher plates yield an outstanding number of different spherical-like objects in the size range between ten(s) up to hundreds of nanometres, which are one type of two potential diamond candidates identified. The origin of some objects can unambiguously be assigned, while the history of others remains speculative.",

author = "Schuster, {Anja Katharina} and Katja Voigt and Benjamin Klemmed and Hartley, {Nicholas J} and L{\"u}tgert, {Julian B} and Carsten B{\"a}htz and Albrecht Benad and Christian Brabetz and Thomas Cowan and Tilo Doeppner and Erb, {Denise J} and Alexander Eychmueller and Stefan Facsko and Roger Falcone and Fletcher, {Luke B} and Simon Frydrych and Ganzenm{\"u}ller, {Georg C} and Gericke, {Dirk O} and Glenzer, {Siegfried H} and Joerg Grenzer and Uwe Helbig and Stefan Hiermaier and Ren{\'e} H{\"u}bner and Garcia, {Alejandro Laso} and Lee, {Hae Ja} and MacDonald, {Michael J} and Emma McBride and Paul Neumayer and Arthur Pak and Alexander Pelka and Irene Prencipe and Alexey Prosvetov and Alexander Rack and Alessandra Ravasio and Ronald Redmer and Dirk Reemts and Melanie R{\"o}del and Markus Schoelmerich and Dennis Schumacher and Marilena Tomut and Turner, {Sally J} and Saunders, {Alison M} and Peihao Sun and Jan Vorberger and Alex Zettl and Dominik Kraus",

year = "2023",

month = jan,

day = "12",

doi = "10.1088/1361-6463/AC99E8",

language = "English",

volume = "56",

journal = "Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics",

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Schuster, AK, Voigt, K, Klemmed, B, Hartley, NJ, Lütgert, JB, Bähtz, C, Benad, A, Brabetz, C, Cowan, T, Doeppner, T, Erb, DJ, Eychmueller, A, Facsko, S, Falcone, R, Fletcher, LB, Frydrych, S, Ganzenmüller, GC, Gericke, DO, Glenzer, SH, Grenzer, J, Helbig, U, Hiermaier, S, Hübner, R, Garcia, AL, Lee, HJ, MacDonald, MJ, McBride, E, Neumayer, P, Pak, A, Pelka, A, Prencipe, I, Prosvetov, A, Rack, A, Ravasio, A, Redmer, R, Reemts, D, Rödel, M, Schoelmerich, M, Schumacher, D, Tomut, M, Turner, SJ, Saunders, AM, Sun, P, Vorberger, J, Zettl, A & Kraus, D 2023, 'Recovery of release cloud from laser shock-loaded graphite and hydrocarbon targets: in search of diamonds', Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol. 56, no. 2, 025301. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/AC99E8

TY - JOUR

T1 - Recovery of release cloud from laser shock-loaded graphite and hydrocarbon targets: in search of diamonds

AU - Schuster, Anja Katharina

AU - Voigt, Katja

AU - Klemmed, Benjamin

AU - Hartley, Nicholas J

AU - Lütgert, Julian B

AU - Bähtz, Carsten

AU - Benad, Albrecht

AU - Brabetz, Christian

AU - Cowan, Thomas

AU - Doeppner, Tilo

AU - Erb, Denise J

AU - Eychmueller, Alexander

AU - Facsko, Stefan

AU - Falcone, Roger

AU - Fletcher, Luke B

AU - Frydrych, Simon

AU - Ganzenmüller, Georg C

AU - Gericke, Dirk O

AU - Glenzer, Siegfried H

AU - Grenzer, Joerg

AU - Helbig, Uwe

AU - Hiermaier, Stefan

AU - Hübner, René

AU - Garcia, Alejandro Laso

AU - Lee, Hae Ja

AU - MacDonald, Michael J

AU - McBride, Emma

AU - Neumayer, Paul

AU - Pak, Arthur

AU - Pelka, Alexander

AU - Prencipe, Irene

AU - Prosvetov, Alexey

AU - Rack, Alexander

AU - Ravasio, Alessandra

AU - Redmer, Ronald

AU - Reemts, Dirk

AU - Rödel, Melanie

AU - Schoelmerich, Markus

AU - Schumacher, Dennis

AU - Tomut, Marilena

AU - Turner, Sally J

AU - Saunders, Alison M

AU - Sun, Peihao

AU - Vorberger, Jan

AU - Zettl, Alex

AU - Kraus, Dominik

PY - 2023/1/12

Y1 - 2023/1/12

N2 - This work presents first insights into the dynamics of free-surface release clouds from dynamically compressed polystyrene and pyrolytic graphite at pressures up to 200 GPa, where they transform into diamond or lonsdaleite, respectively. These ejecta clouds are released into either vacuum or various types of catcher systems, and are monitored with high-speed recordings (frame rates up to 10 MHz). Molecular dynamics simulations are used to give insights to the rate of diamond preservation throughout the free expansion and the catcher impact process, highlighting the challenges of diamond retrieval. Raman spectroscopy data show graphitic signatures on a catcher plate confirming that the shock-compressed PS is transformed. First electron microscopy analyses of solid catcher plates yield an outstanding number of different spherical-like objects in the size range between ten(s) up to hundreds of nanometres, which are one type of two potential diamond candidates identified. The origin of some objects can unambiguously be assigned, while the history of others remains speculative.

AB - This work presents first insights into the dynamics of free-surface release clouds from dynamically compressed polystyrene and pyrolytic graphite at pressures up to 200 GPa, where they transform into diamond or lonsdaleite, respectively. These ejecta clouds are released into either vacuum or various types of catcher systems, and are monitored with high-speed recordings (frame rates up to 10 MHz). Molecular dynamics simulations are used to give insights to the rate of diamond preservation throughout the free expansion and the catcher impact process, highlighting the challenges of diamond retrieval. Raman spectroscopy data show graphitic signatures on a catcher plate confirming that the shock-compressed PS is transformed. First electron microscopy analyses of solid catcher plates yield an outstanding number of different spherical-like objects in the size range between ten(s) up to hundreds of nanometres, which are one type of two potential diamond candidates identified. The origin of some objects can unambiguously be assigned, while the history of others remains speculative.

U2 - 10.1088/1361-6463/AC99E8

DO - 10.1088/1361-6463/AC99E8

M3 - Article

SN - 0022-3727

VL - 56

JO - Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics

JF - Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics

IS - 2

M1 - 025301

ER -

Recovery of release cloud from laser shock-loaded graphite and hydrocarbon targets: in search of diamonds

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