Sentencing: R v Kenneth Clarke & Jamie McConnell (Reference by the Director of Public Prosecutions) [2024] NICA 52

Sentencing offenders for multiple offences can be a complicated task with various competing demands placed on the sentencing judge. The principle of totality seeks to ensure that the overall criminality of the offending behaviour is reflected in the ultimate sentence. Judges normally achieve this by making some or all of the sentences concurrent or by reducing the length of each individual sentence. In approaching this task, what role does the ‘headline’ or ‘lead’ offence have and how does it assist the judge to arrive at a ‘just and proportionate’ sentence? This case comment examines the reference brought by the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) in the case of R v Clarke & McConnell. In this decision, the Northern Ireland Court of Appeal decided that the wrong headline offence had been identified in the lower court which, in turn, skewed the starting point for the overall sentence. This comment examines the relevance of such a ‘headline’ or ‘lead offence' and considers its role in the sentencing exercise. With Northern Ireland operating a different sentencing regime to England & Wales, it also considers how such cases are approached by judges in the absence of specific sentencing guidelines.