SN 2021gno: a calcium-rich transient with double-peaked light curves

K Ertini; G Folatelli; L Martinez; M C Bersten; J P Anderson; C. Ashall; E Baron; S Bose; P J Brown; C Burns; J M DerKacy; L Ferrari; L Galbany; E Hsiao; S Kumar; J Lu; P Mazzali; N Morrell; M Orellana; P J Pessi; M M Phillips; A L Piro; A Polin; M Shahbandeh; B J Shappee; M Stritzinger; N B Suntzeff; M Tucker; N Elias-Rosa; H Kuncarayakti; C P Gutiérrez; A Kozyreva; T E Müller-Bravo; T -W Chen; J T Hinkle; A V Payne; P Székely; T Szalai; B Barna; R Könyves-Tóth; D Bánhidi; I B Bíró; I Csányi; L Kriskovits; A Pál; Zs Szabó; R Szakáts; K Vida; J Vinkó; M Gromadzki; L Harvey; M Nicholl; E Paraskeva; D. R. Young; B Englert

doi:10.1093/mnras/stad2705

SN 2021gno: a calcium-rich transient with double-peaked light curves

K Ertini, G Folatelli, L Martinez, M C Bersten, J P Anderson, C. Ashall, E Baron, S Bose, P J Brown, C Burns, J M DerKacy, L Ferrari, L Galbany, E Hsiao, S Kumar, J Lu, P Mazzali, N Morrell, M Orellana, P J PessiM M Phillips, A L Piro, A Polin, M Shahbandeh, B J Shappee, M Stritzinger, N B Suntzeff, M Tucker, N Elias-Rosa, H Kuncarayakti, C P Gutiérrez, A Kozyreva, T E Müller-Bravo, T -W Chen, J T Hinkle, A V Payne, P Székely, T Szalai, B Barna, R Könyves-Tóth, D Bánhidi, I B Bíró, I Csányi, L Kriskovits, A Pál, Zs Szabó, R Szakáts, K Vida, J Vinkó, M Gromadzki, L Harvey, M Nicholl, E Paraskeva, D. R. Young, B Englert

School of Mathematics and Physics

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Abstract

We present extensive ultraviolet (UV) and optical photometric and optical spectroscopic follow-up of supernova (SN) 2021gno by the ‘Precision Observations of Infant Supernova Explosions’ (POISE) project, starting less than 2 d after the explosion. Given its intermediate luminosity, fast photometric evolution, and quick transition to the nebular phase with spectra dominated by [Ca II] lines, SN 2021gno belongs to the small family of Calcium-rich transients. Moreover, it shows double-peaked light curves, a phenomenon shared with only four other Calcium-rich events. The projected distance from the centre of the host galaxy is not as large as other objects in this family. The initial optical light-curve peaks coincide with a very quick decline of the UV flux, indicating a fast initial cooling phase. Through hydrodynamical modelling of the bolometric light curve and line velocity evolution, we found that the observations are compatible with the explosion of a highly stripped massive star with an ejecta mass of 0.8M_⊙ and a ⁵⁶Ni mass of 0.024 M_⊙. The initial cooling phase (first light-curve peak) is explained by the presence of an extended circumstellar material comprising ∼10^-2M_⊙ with an extension of 1100R_⊙⁠. We discuss if hydrogen features are present in both maximum-light and nebular spectra, and their implications in terms of the proposed progenitor scenarios for Calcium-rich transients.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	279-298
Number of pages	20
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	526
Issue number	1
Early online date	22 Sept 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad2705
Publication status	Published - Nov 2023

Keywords

Space and Planetary Science
Astronomy and Astrophysics

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SN 2021gno: a calcium-rich transient with double-peaked light curves
Copyright 2023 3 The Authors. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. This work is made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher.
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Ertini, K., Folatelli, G., Martinez, L., Bersten, M. C., Anderson, J. P., Ashall, C., Baron, E., Bose, S., Brown, P. J., Burns, C., DerKacy, J. M., Ferrari, L., Galbany, L., Hsiao, E., Kumar, S., Lu, J., Mazzali, P., Morrell, N., Orellana, M., ... Englert, B. (2023). SN 2021gno: a calcium-rich transient with double-peaked light curves. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 526(1), 279-298. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad2705

@article{87297bfbf27e4df8ab0c0d4f8cf31346,

title = "SN 2021gno: a calcium-rich transient with double-peaked light curves",

abstract = "We present extensive ultraviolet (UV) and optical photometric and optical spectroscopic follow-up of supernova (SN) 2021gno by the {\textquoteleft}Precision Observations of Infant Supernova Explosions{\textquoteright} (POISE) project, starting less than 2 d after the explosion. Given its intermediate luminosity, fast photometric evolution, and quick transition to the nebular phase with spectra dominated by [Ca II] lines, SN 2021gno belongs to the small family of Calcium-rich transients. Moreover, it shows double-peaked light curves, a phenomenon shared with only four other Calcium-rich events. The projected distance from the centre of the host galaxy is not as large as other objects in this family. The initial optical light-curve peaks coincide with a very quick decline of the UV flux, indicating a fast initial cooling phase. Through hydrodynamical modelling of the bolometric light curve and line velocity evolution, we found that the observations are compatible with the explosion of a highly stripped massive star with an ejecta mass of 0.8M⊙ and a 56Ni mass of 0.024 M⊙. The initial cooling phase (first light-curve peak) is explained by the presence of an extended circumstellar material comprising ∼10-2M⊙ with an extension of 1100R⊙⁠. We discuss if hydrogen features are present in both maximum-light and nebular spectra, and their implications in terms of the proposed progenitor scenarios for Calcium-rich transients.",

keywords = "Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics",

author = "K Ertini and G Folatelli and L Martinez and Bersten, {M C} and Anderson, {J P} and C. Ashall and E Baron and S Bose and Brown, {P J} and C Burns and DerKacy, {J M} and L Ferrari and L Galbany and E Hsiao and S Kumar and J Lu and P Mazzali and N Morrell and M Orellana and Pessi, {P J} and Phillips, {M M} and Piro, {A L} and A Polin and M Shahbandeh and Shappee, {B J} and M Stritzinger and Suntzeff, {N B} and M Tucker and N Elias-Rosa and H Kuncarayakti and Guti{\'e}rrez, {C P} and A Kozyreva and M{\"u}ller-Bravo, {T E} and Chen, {T -W} and Hinkle, {J T} and Payne, {A V} and P Sz{\'e}kely and T Szalai and B Barna and R K{\"o}nyves-T{\'o}th and D B{\'a}nhidi and B{\'i}r{\'o}, {I B} and I Cs{\'a}nyi and L Kriskovits and A P{\'a}l and Zs Szab{\'o} and R Szak{\'a}ts and K Vida and J Vink{\'o} and M Gromadzki and L Harvey and M Nicholl and E Paraskeva and Young, {D. R.} and B Englert",

year = "2023",

month = nov,

doi = "10.1093/mnras/stad2705",

language = "English",

volume = "526",

pages = "279--298",

journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",

issn = "0035-8711",

publisher = "Oxford University Press",

number = "1",

}

Ertini, K, Folatelli, G, Martinez, L, Bersten, MC, Anderson, JP, Ashall, C, Baron, E, Bose, S, Brown, PJ, Burns, C, DerKacy, JM, Ferrari, L, Galbany, L, Hsiao, E, Kumar, S, Lu, J, Mazzali, P, Morrell, N, Orellana, M, Pessi, PJ, Phillips, MM, Piro, AL, Polin, A, Shahbandeh, M, Shappee, BJ, Stritzinger, M, Suntzeff, NB, Tucker, M, Elias-Rosa, N, Kuncarayakti, H, Gutiérrez, CP, Kozyreva, A, Müller-Bravo, TE, Chen, T-W, Hinkle, JT, Payne, AV, Székely, P, Szalai, T, Barna, B, Könyves-Tóth, R, Bánhidi, D, Bíró, IB, Csányi, I, Kriskovits, L, Pál, A, Szabó, Z, Szakáts, R, Vida, K, Vinkó, J, Gromadzki, M, Harvey, L, Nicholl, M, Paraskeva, E, Young, DR & Englert, B 2023, 'SN 2021gno: a calcium-rich transient with double-peaked light curves', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 526, no. 1, pp. 279-298. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad2705

TY - JOUR

T1 - SN 2021gno: a calcium-rich transient with double-peaked light curves

AU - Ertini, K

AU - Folatelli, G

AU - Martinez, L

AU - Bersten, M C

AU - Anderson, J P

AU - Ashall, C.

AU - Baron, E

AU - Bose, S

AU - Brown, P J

AU - Burns, C

AU - DerKacy, J M

AU - Ferrari, L

AU - Galbany, L

AU - Hsiao, E

AU - Kumar, S

AU - Lu, J

AU - Mazzali, P

AU - Morrell, N

AU - Orellana, M

AU - Pessi, P J

AU - Phillips, M M

AU - Piro, A L

AU - Polin, A

AU - Shahbandeh, M

AU - Shappee, B J

AU - Stritzinger, M

AU - Suntzeff, N B

AU - Tucker, M

AU - Elias-Rosa, N

AU - Kuncarayakti, H

AU - Gutiérrez, C P

AU - Kozyreva, A

AU - Müller-Bravo, T E

AU - Chen, T -W

AU - Hinkle, J T

AU - Payne, A V

AU - Székely, P

AU - Szalai, T

AU - Barna, B

AU - Könyves-Tóth, R

AU - Bánhidi, D

AU - Bíró, I B

AU - Csányi, I

AU - Kriskovits, L

AU - Pál, A

AU - Szabó, Zs

AU - Szakáts, R

AU - Vida, K

AU - Vinkó, J

AU - Gromadzki, M

AU - Harvey, L

AU - Nicholl, M

AU - Paraskeva, E

AU - Young, D. R.

AU - Englert, B

PY - 2023/11

Y1 - 2023/11

N2 - We present extensive ultraviolet (UV) and optical photometric and optical spectroscopic follow-up of supernova (SN) 2021gno by the ‘Precision Observations of Infant Supernova Explosions’ (POISE) project, starting less than 2 d after the explosion. Given its intermediate luminosity, fast photometric evolution, and quick transition to the nebular phase with spectra dominated by [Ca II] lines, SN 2021gno belongs to the small family of Calcium-rich transients. Moreover, it shows double-peaked light curves, a phenomenon shared with only four other Calcium-rich events. The projected distance from the centre of the host galaxy is not as large as other objects in this family. The initial optical light-curve peaks coincide with a very quick decline of the UV flux, indicating a fast initial cooling phase. Through hydrodynamical modelling of the bolometric light curve and line velocity evolution, we found that the observations are compatible with the explosion of a highly stripped massive star with an ejecta mass of 0.8M⊙ and a 56Ni mass of 0.024 M⊙. The initial cooling phase (first light-curve peak) is explained by the presence of an extended circumstellar material comprising ∼10-2M⊙ with an extension of 1100R⊙⁠. We discuss if hydrogen features are present in both maximum-light and nebular spectra, and their implications in terms of the proposed progenitor scenarios for Calcium-rich transients.

AB - We present extensive ultraviolet (UV) and optical photometric and optical spectroscopic follow-up of supernova (SN) 2021gno by the ‘Precision Observations of Infant Supernova Explosions’ (POISE) project, starting less than 2 d after the explosion. Given its intermediate luminosity, fast photometric evolution, and quick transition to the nebular phase with spectra dominated by [Ca II] lines, SN 2021gno belongs to the small family of Calcium-rich transients. Moreover, it shows double-peaked light curves, a phenomenon shared with only four other Calcium-rich events. The projected distance from the centre of the host galaxy is not as large as other objects in this family. The initial optical light-curve peaks coincide with a very quick decline of the UV flux, indicating a fast initial cooling phase. Through hydrodynamical modelling of the bolometric light curve and line velocity evolution, we found that the observations are compatible with the explosion of a highly stripped massive star with an ejecta mass of 0.8M⊙ and a 56Ni mass of 0.024 M⊙. The initial cooling phase (first light-curve peak) is explained by the presence of an extended circumstellar material comprising ∼10-2M⊙ with an extension of 1100R⊙⁠. We discuss if hydrogen features are present in both maximum-light and nebular spectra, and their implications in terms of the proposed progenitor scenarios for Calcium-rich transients.

KW - Space and Planetary Science

KW - Astronomy and Astrophysics

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stad2705

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stad2705

M3 - Article

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 526

SP - 279

EP - 298

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 1

ER -

SN 2021gno: a calcium-rich transient with double-peaked light curves

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