Spatial Correlation Variability in Multiuser Systems

Spatial correlation across an antenna array is known to be detrimental to the terminal signal–to–interference–plus–noise–ratio (SINR) and system spectral efficiency. For a downlink multiuser multiple–input multiple–output system (MU–MIMO), we show that the widely used, yet overly simplified, correlation models which generate fixed correlation patterns for all terminals tend to underestimate the system performance. This is in contrast to more sophisticated, yet physically motivated, remote scattering models that generate variations in the correlation
structure across multiple terminals. The remote scattering models are parameterized with measured data from a recent 2.53 GHz urban macrocellular channel measurement campaign in Cologne, Germany. Assuming spatially correlated Ricean fading, with maximum–ratio transmission precoding, tight closed–form approximations to the expected (average) SINR, and ergodic sum spectral efficiency are derived. The expressions provide clear insights into the impact of variable correlation patterns on the above performance metrics. Our results demonstrate the sensitivity of the MU–MIMO performance to different correlation models, and provide a cautionary tale of its impact.