Spitzer infrared spectrograph point source classification in the Small Magellanic Cloud

Paul M E Ruffle; F. Kemper; O. C. Jones; G. C. Sloan; K. E. Kraemer; Paul M. Woods; M. L. Boyer; S. Srinivasan; V. Antoniou; E. Lagadec; M. Matsuura; I. McDonald; J. M. Oliveira; B. A. Sargent; M. Sewilo; R. Szczerba; J. Th Van Loon; K. Volk; A. A. Zijlstra

doi:10.1093/mnras/stv1106

Spitzer infrared spectrograph point source classification in the Small Magellanic Cloud

Paul M E Ruffle, F. Kemper^*, O. C. Jones, G. C. Sloan, K. E. Kraemer, Paul M. Woods, M. L. Boyer, S. Srinivasan, V. Antoniou, E. Lagadec, M. Matsuura, I. McDonald, J. M. Oliveira, B. A. Sargent, M. Sewilo, R. Szczerba, J. Th Van Loon, K. Volk, A. A. Zijlstra

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

48 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The Magellanic Clouds are uniquely placed to study the stellar contribution to dust emission. Individual stars can be resolved in these systems even in the mid-infrared, and they are close enough to allow detection of infrared excess caused by dust. We have searched the Spitzer Space Telescope data archive for all Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) staring-mode observations of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) and found that 209 Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) point sources within the footprint of the Surveying the Agents of Galaxy Evolution in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SAGE-SMC) Spitzer Legacy programme were targeted, within a total of 311 staring-mode observations. We classify these point sources using a decision tree method of object classification, based on infrared spectral features, continuum and spectral energy distribution shape, bolometric luminosity, cluster membership and variability information. We find 58 asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, 51 young stellar objects, 4 post-AGB objects, 22 red supergiants, 27 stars (of which 23 are dusty OB stars), 24 planetary nebulae (PNe), 10 Wolf-Rayet stars, 3 H II regions, 3 R Coronae Borealis stars, 1 Blue Supergiant and 6 other objects, including 2 foreground AGB stars. We use these classifications to evaluate the success of photometric classification methods reported in the literature.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	3504-3536
Number of pages	33
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	451
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv1106
Publication status	Published - 21 Aug 2015

Keywords

Dust, extinction
H II regions
Infrared: stars
Magellanic clouds
Surveys
Techniques: spectroscopic

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Space and Planetary Science
Astronomy and Astrophysics

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10.1093/mnras/stv1106

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Ruffle, P. M. E., Kemper, F., Jones, O. C., Sloan, G. C., Kraemer, K. E., Woods, P. M., Boyer, M. L., Srinivasan, S., Antoniou, V., Lagadec, E., Matsuura, M., McDonald, I., Oliveira, J. M., Sargent, B. A., Sewilo, M., Szczerba, R., Van Loon, J. T., Volk, K., & Zijlstra, A. A. (2015). Spitzer infrared spectrograph point source classification in the Small Magellanic Cloud. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 451(4), 3504-3536. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv1106

@article{77c4799dbb074da1a6eab3e60c6f32d8,

title = "Spitzer infrared spectrograph point source classification in the Small Magellanic Cloud",

abstract = "The Magellanic Clouds are uniquely placed to study the stellar contribution to dust emission. Individual stars can be resolved in these systems even in the mid-infrared, and they are close enough to allow detection of infrared excess caused by dust. We have searched the Spitzer Space Telescope data archive for all Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) staring-mode observations of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) and found that 209 Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) point sources within the footprint of the Surveying the Agents of Galaxy Evolution in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SAGE-SMC) Spitzer Legacy programme were targeted, within a total of 311 staring-mode observations. We classify these point sources using a decision tree method of object classification, based on infrared spectral features, continuum and spectral energy distribution shape, bolometric luminosity, cluster membership and variability information. We find 58 asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, 51 young stellar objects, 4 post-AGB objects, 22 red supergiants, 27 stars (of which 23 are dusty OB stars), 24 planetary nebulae (PNe), 10 Wolf-Rayet stars, 3 H II regions, 3 R Coronae Borealis stars, 1 Blue Supergiant and 6 other objects, including 2 foreground AGB stars. We use these classifications to evaluate the success of photometric classification methods reported in the literature.",

keywords = "Dust, extinction, H II regions, Infrared: stars, Magellanic clouds, Surveys, Techniques: spectroscopic",

author = "Ruffle, {Paul M E} and F. Kemper and Jones, {O. C.} and Sloan, {G. C.} and Kraemer, {K. E.} and Woods, {Paul M.} and Boyer, {M. L.} and S. Srinivasan and V. Antoniou and E. Lagadec and M. Matsuura and I. McDonald and Oliveira, {J. M.} and Sargent, {B. A.} and M. Sewilo and R. Szczerba and {Van Loon}, {J. Th} and K. Volk and Zijlstra, {A. A.}",

year = "2015",

month = aug,

day = "21",

doi = "10.1093/mnras/stv1106",

language = "English",

volume = "451",

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Ruffle, PME, Kemper, F, Jones, OC, Sloan, GC, Kraemer, KE, Woods, PM, Boyer, ML, Srinivasan, S, Antoniou, V, Lagadec, E, Matsuura, M, McDonald, I, Oliveira, JM, Sargent, BA, Sewilo, M, Szczerba, R, Van Loon, JT, Volk, K & Zijlstra, AA 2015, 'Spitzer infrared spectrograph point source classification in the Small Magellanic Cloud', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 451, no. 4, pp. 3504-3536. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv1106

TY - JOUR

T1 - Spitzer infrared spectrograph point source classification in the Small Magellanic Cloud

AU - Ruffle, Paul M E

AU - Kemper, F.

AU - Jones, O. C.

AU - Sloan, G. C.

AU - Kraemer, K. E.

AU - Woods, Paul M.

AU - Boyer, M. L.

AU - Srinivasan, S.

AU - Antoniou, V.

AU - Lagadec, E.

AU - Matsuura, M.

AU - McDonald, I.

AU - Oliveira, J. M.

AU - Sargent, B. A.

AU - Sewilo, M.

AU - Szczerba, R.

AU - Van Loon, J. Th

AU - Volk, K.

AU - Zijlstra, A. A.

PY - 2015/8/21

Y1 - 2015/8/21

N2 - The Magellanic Clouds are uniquely placed to study the stellar contribution to dust emission. Individual stars can be resolved in these systems even in the mid-infrared, and they are close enough to allow detection of infrared excess caused by dust. We have searched the Spitzer Space Telescope data archive for all Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) staring-mode observations of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) and found that 209 Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) point sources within the footprint of the Surveying the Agents of Galaxy Evolution in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SAGE-SMC) Spitzer Legacy programme were targeted, within a total of 311 staring-mode observations. We classify these point sources using a decision tree method of object classification, based on infrared spectral features, continuum and spectral energy distribution shape, bolometric luminosity, cluster membership and variability information. We find 58 asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, 51 young stellar objects, 4 post-AGB objects, 22 red supergiants, 27 stars (of which 23 are dusty OB stars), 24 planetary nebulae (PNe), 10 Wolf-Rayet stars, 3 H II regions, 3 R Coronae Borealis stars, 1 Blue Supergiant and 6 other objects, including 2 foreground AGB stars. We use these classifications to evaluate the success of photometric classification methods reported in the literature.

AB - The Magellanic Clouds are uniquely placed to study the stellar contribution to dust emission. Individual stars can be resolved in these systems even in the mid-infrared, and they are close enough to allow detection of infrared excess caused by dust. We have searched the Spitzer Space Telescope data archive for all Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) staring-mode observations of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) and found that 209 Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) point sources within the footprint of the Surveying the Agents of Galaxy Evolution in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SAGE-SMC) Spitzer Legacy programme were targeted, within a total of 311 staring-mode observations. We classify these point sources using a decision tree method of object classification, based on infrared spectral features, continuum and spectral energy distribution shape, bolometric luminosity, cluster membership and variability information. We find 58 asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, 51 young stellar objects, 4 post-AGB objects, 22 red supergiants, 27 stars (of which 23 are dusty OB stars), 24 planetary nebulae (PNe), 10 Wolf-Rayet stars, 3 H II regions, 3 R Coronae Borealis stars, 1 Blue Supergiant and 6 other objects, including 2 foreground AGB stars. We use these classifications to evaluate the success of photometric classification methods reported in the literature.

KW - Dust, extinction

KW - H II regions

KW - Infrared: stars

KW - Magellanic clouds

KW - Surveys

KW - Techniques: spectroscopic

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DO - 10.1093/mnras/stv1106

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EP - 3536

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 4

ER -

Spitzer infrared spectrograph point source classification in the Small Magellanic Cloud

Abstract

Keywords

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