THE MARINE RADIOCARBON BOMB PULSE ACROSS THE TEMPERATE NORTH ATLANTIC: A COMPILATION OF Delta C-14 TIME HISTORIES FROM ARCTICA ISLANDICA GROWTH INCREMENTS

James D. Scourse, Alan D. Wanamaker, Chris Weidman, Jan Heinemeier, Paula J. Reimer, Paul G. Butler, Rob Witbaard, Christopher A. Richardson

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

39 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Marine radiocarbon bomb-pulse time histories of annually resolved archives from temperate regions have been underexploited. We present here series of Delta C-14 excess from known-age annual increments of the long-lived bivalve mollusk Arctica islandica from 4 sites across the coastal North Atlantic (German Bight, North Sea; Tromso, north Norway; Siglufjordur, north Icelandic shelf; Grimsey, north Icelandic shelf) combined with published series from Georges Bank and Sable Bank (NW Atlantic) and the Oyster Ground (North Sea). The atmospheric bomb pulse is shown to be a step-function whose response in the marine environment is immediate but of smaller amplitude and which has a longer decay time as a result of the much larger marine carbon reservoir. Attenuation is determined by the regional hydrographic setting of the sites, vertical mixing, processes controlling the isotopic exchange of C-14 at the air-sea boundary, C-14 content of the freshwater flux, primary productivity, and the residence time of organic matter in the sediment mixed layer. The inventories form a sequence from high magnitude-early peak (German Bight) to low magnitude-late peak (Grimsey). All series show a rapid response to the increase in atmospheric Delta C-14 excess but a slow response to the subsequent decline resulting from the succession of rapid isotopic air-sea exchange followed by the more gradual isotopic equilibration in the mixed layer due to the variable marine carbon reservoir and incorporation of organic carbon from the sediment mixed layer. The data constitute calibration series for the use of the bomb pulse as a high-resolution dating tool in the marine environment and as a tracer of coastal ocean water masses.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)165-186
Number of pages22
JournalRadiocarbon
Volume54
Issue number2
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jul 2012

Keywords

  • MOLLUSK
  • RESERVOIR AGES
  • radiocarbon
  • bomb 14C

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Geology
  • Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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