Three’s Company: An Additional Non-transiting Super-Earth in the Bright HD 3167 System, and Masses for All Three Planets

Jessie L. Christiansen; Andrew Vanderburg; Jennifer Burt; Benjamin J. Fulton; Konstantin Batygin; Björn Benneke; John M. Brewer; David Charbonneau; David R. Ciardi; Andrew Collier Cameron; Jeffrey L. Coughlin; Ian J. M. Crossfield; Courtney D. Dressing; Thomas P. Greene; Andrew W. Howard; David W. Latham; Emilio Molinari; Annelies Mortier; Fergal Mullally; Francesco Pepe; Ken Rice; Evan Sinukoff; Alessandro Sozzetti; Susan E. Thompson; Stéphane Udry; Steven S. Vogt; Travis S. Barman; Natasha E. Batalha; Francois Bouchy; Lars A. Buchhave; R. Paul Butler; Rosario Cosentino; Trent J. Dupuy; David Ehrenreich; Aldo F. M. Fiorenzano; Brad M. S. Hansen; Thomas Henning; Lea Hirsch; Bradford P. Holden; Howard T. Isaacson; John Asher Johnson; Heather A. Knutson; Molly Kosiarek; Mercedes López-Morales; Christophe Lovis; Luca Malavolta; Michel Mayor; Giuseppina Micela; Fatemeh Motalebi; Erik Petigura; David F. Phillips; Giampaolo Piotto; Leslie A. Rogers; Dimitar Sasselov; Joshua E. Schlieder; Damien Ségransan; Christopher A. Watson; Lauren M. Weiss

Three’s Company: An Additional Non-transiting Super-Earth in the Bright HD 3167 System, and Masses for All Three Planets

Jessie L. Christiansen, Andrew Vanderburg, Jennifer Burt, Benjamin J. Fulton, Konstantin Batygin, Björn Benneke, John M. Brewer, David Charbonneau, David R. Ciardi, Andrew Collier Cameron, Jeffrey L. Coughlin, Ian J. M. Crossfield, Courtney D. Dressing, Thomas P. Greene, Andrew W. Howard, David W. Latham, Emilio Molinari, Annelies Mortier, Fergal Mullally, Francesco PepeKen Rice, Evan Sinukoff, Alessandro Sozzetti, Susan E. Thompson, Stéphane Udry, Steven S. Vogt, Travis S. Barman, Natasha E. Batalha, Francois Bouchy, Lars A. Buchhave, R. Paul Butler, Rosario Cosentino, Trent J. Dupuy, David Ehrenreich, Aldo F. M. Fiorenzano, Brad M. S. Hansen, Thomas Henning, Lea Hirsch, Bradford P. Holden, Howard T. Isaacson, John Asher Johnson, Heather A. Knutson, Molly Kosiarek, Mercedes López-Morales, Christophe Lovis, Luca Malavolta, Michel Mayor, Giuseppina Micela, Fatemeh Motalebi, Erik Petigura, David F. Phillips, Giampaolo Piotto, Leslie A. Rogers, Dimitar Sasselov, Joshua E. Schlieder, Damien Ségransan, Christopher A. Watson, Lauren M. Weiss

School of Mathematics and Physics

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Abstract

HD 3167 is a bright (V = 8.9), nearby K0 star observed by the NASA K2 mission (EPIC 220383386), hosting two small, short-period transiting planets. Here we present the results of a multi-site, multi-instrument radial velocity campaign to characterize the HD 3167 system. The masses of the transiting planets are 5.02+/-0.38 MEarth for HD 3167 b, a hot super-Earth with a likely rocky composition (rho_b = 5.60+2.15-1.43 g/cm^3), and 9.80+1.30-1.24 MEarth for HD 3167 c, a warm sub-Neptune with a likely substantial volatile complement (rho_c = 1.97+0.94-0.59 g/cm^3). We explore the possibility of atmospheric composition analysis and determine that planet c is amenable to transmission spectroscopy measurements, and planet b is a potential thermal emission target. We detect a third, non-transiting planet, HD 3167 d, with a period of 8.509+/-0.045 d (between planets b and c) and a minimum mass of 6.90+/-0.71 MEarth. We are able to constrain the mutual inclination of planet d with planets b and c: we rule out mutual inclinations below 1.3 degrees as we do not observe transits of planet d. From 1.3-40 degrees, there are viewing geometries invoking special nodal configurations which result in planet d not transiting some fraction of the time. From 40-60 degrees, Kozai-Lidov oscillations increase the system's instability, but it can remain stable for up to 100Myr. Above 60 degrees, the system is unstable. HD 3167 promises to be a fruitful system for further study and a preview of the many exciting systems expected from the upcoming NASA TESS mission.

Original language	English
Number of pages	17
Journal	Astronomical Journal
Volume	154
Issue number	3
Publication status	Published - 31 Aug 2017

Keywords

Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics

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Three's Company: An Additional Non-transiting Super-Earth in the Bright HD 3167 System, and Masses for All Three Planets
© 2017. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. This work is made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher.
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http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017arXiv170601892C

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- c.a.watson@qub.ac.uk
- School of Mathematics and Physics - Deputy Head of School
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Christiansen, J. L., Vanderburg, A., Burt, J., Fulton, B. J., Batygin, K., Benneke, B., Brewer, J. M., Charbonneau, D., Ciardi, D. R., Collier Cameron, A., Coughlin, J. L., Crossfield, I. J. M., Dressing, C. D., Greene, T. P., Howard, A. W., Latham, D. W., Molinari, E., Mortier, A., Mullally, F., ... Weiss, L. M. (2017). Three’s Company: An Additional Non-transiting Super-Earth in the Bright HD 3167 System, and Masses for All Three Planets. Astronomical Journal, 154(3). http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017arXiv170601892C

Christiansen, Jessie L. ; Vanderburg, Andrew ; Burt, Jennifer ; Fulton, Benjamin J. ; Batygin, Konstantin ; Benneke, Björn ; Brewer, John M. ; Charbonneau, David ; Ciardi, David R. ; Collier Cameron, Andrew ; Coughlin, Jeffrey L. ; Crossfield, Ian J. M. ; Dressing, Courtney D. ; Greene, Thomas P. ; Howard, Andrew W. ; Latham, David W. ; Molinari, Emilio ; Mortier, Annelies ; Mullally, Fergal ; Pepe, Francesco ; Rice, Ken ; Sinukoff, Evan ; Sozzetti, Alessandro ; Thompson, Susan E. ; Udry, Stéphane ; Vogt, Steven S. ; Barman, Travis S. ; Batalha, Natasha E. ; Bouchy, Francois ; Buchhave, Lars A. ; Butler, R. Paul ; Cosentino, Rosario ; Dupuy, Trent J. ; Ehrenreich, David ; Fiorenzano, Aldo F. M. ; Hansen, Brad M. S. ; Henning, Thomas ; Hirsch, Lea ; Holden, Bradford P. ; Isaacson, Howard T. ; Johnson, John Asher ; Knutson, Heather A. ; Kosiarek, Molly ; López-Morales, Mercedes ; Lovis, Christophe ; Malavolta, Luca ; Mayor, Michel ; Micela, Giuseppina ; Motalebi, Fatemeh ; Petigura, Erik ; Phillips, David F. ; Piotto, Giampaolo ; Rogers, Leslie A. ; Sasselov, Dimitar ; Schlieder, Joshua E. ; Ségransan, Damien ; Watson, Christopher A. ; Weiss, Lauren M. / Three’s Company: An Additional Non-transiting Super-Earth in the Bright HD 3167 System, and Masses for All Three Planets. In: Astronomical Journal. 2017 ; Vol. 154, No. 3.

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title = "Three{\textquoteright}s Company: An Additional Non-transiting Super-Earth in the Bright HD 3167 System, and Masses for All Three Planets",

abstract = "HD 3167 is a bright (V = 8.9), nearby K0 star observed by the NASA K2 mission (EPIC 220383386), hosting two small, short-period transiting planets. Here we present the results of a multi-site, multi-instrument radial velocity campaign to characterize the HD 3167 system. The masses of the transiting planets are 5.02+/-0.38 MEarth for HD 3167 b, a hot super-Earth with a likely rocky composition (rho_b = 5.60+2.15-1.43 g/cm^3), and 9.80+1.30-1.24 MEarth for HD 3167 c, a warm sub-Neptune with a likely substantial volatile complement (rho_c = 1.97+0.94-0.59 g/cm^3). We explore the possibility of atmospheric composition analysis and determine that planet c is amenable to transmission spectroscopy measurements, and planet b is a potential thermal emission target. We detect a third, non-transiting planet, HD 3167 d, with a period of 8.509+/-0.045 d (between planets b and c) and a minimum mass of 6.90+/-0.71 MEarth. We are able to constrain the mutual inclination of planet d with planets b and c: we rule out mutual inclinations below 1.3 degrees as we do not observe transits of planet d. From 1.3-40 degrees, there are viewing geometries invoking special nodal configurations which result in planet d not transiting some fraction of the time. From 40-60 degrees, Kozai-Lidov oscillations increase the system's instability, but it can remain stable for up to 100Myr. Above 60 degrees, the system is unstable. HD 3167 promises to be a fruitful system for further study and a preview of the many exciting systems expected from the upcoming NASA TESS mission.",

keywords = "Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics",

author = "Christiansen, {Jessie L.} and Andrew Vanderburg and Jennifer Burt and Fulton, {Benjamin J.} and Konstantin Batygin and Bj{\"o}rn Benneke and Brewer, {John M.} and David Charbonneau and Ciardi, {David R.} and {Collier Cameron}, Andrew and Coughlin, {Jeffrey L.} and Crossfield, {Ian J. M.} and Dressing, {Courtney D.} and Greene, {Thomas P.} and Howard, {Andrew W.} and Latham, {David W.} and Emilio Molinari and Annelies Mortier and Fergal Mullally and Francesco Pepe and Ken Rice and Evan Sinukoff and Alessandro Sozzetti and Thompson, {Susan E.} and St{\'e}phane Udry and Vogt, {Steven S.} and Barman, {Travis S.} and Batalha, {Natasha E.} and Francois Bouchy and Buchhave, {Lars A.} and Butler, {R. Paul} and Rosario Cosentino and Dupuy, {Trent J.} and David Ehrenreich and Fiorenzano, {Aldo F. M.} and Hansen, {Brad M. S.} and Thomas Henning and Lea Hirsch and Holden, {Bradford P.} and Isaacson, {Howard T.} and Johnson, {John Asher} and Knutson, {Heather A.} and Molly Kosiarek and Mercedes L{\'o}pez-Morales and Christophe Lovis and Luca Malavolta and Michel Mayor and Giuseppina Micela and Fatemeh Motalebi and Erik Petigura and Phillips, {David F.} and Giampaolo Piotto and Rogers, {Leslie A.} and Dimitar Sasselov and Schlieder, {Joshua E.} and Damien S{\'e}gransan and Watson, {Christopher A.} and Weiss, {Lauren M.}",

year = "2017",

month = aug,

day = "31",

language = "English",

volume = "154",

journal = "Astronomical Journal",

issn = "0004-6256",

publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",

number = "3",

}

Christiansen, JL, Vanderburg, A, Burt, J, Fulton, BJ, Batygin, K, Benneke, B, Brewer, JM, Charbonneau, D, Ciardi, DR, Collier Cameron, A, Coughlin, JL, Crossfield, IJM, Dressing, CD, Greene, TP, Howard, AW, Latham, DW, Molinari, E, Mortier, A, Mullally, F, Pepe, F, Rice, K, Sinukoff, E, Sozzetti, A, Thompson, SE, Udry, S, Vogt, SS, Barman, TS, Batalha, NE, Bouchy, F, Buchhave, LA, Butler, RP, Cosentino, R, Dupuy, TJ, Ehrenreich, D, Fiorenzano, AFM, Hansen, BMS, Henning, T, Hirsch, L, Holden, BP, Isaacson, HT, Johnson, JA, Knutson, HA, Kosiarek, M, López-Morales, M, Lovis, C, Malavolta, L, Mayor, M, Micela, G, Motalebi, F, Petigura, E, Phillips, DF, Piotto, G, Rogers, LA, Sasselov, D, Schlieder, JE, Ségransan, D, Watson, CA & Weiss, LM 2017, 'Three’s Company: An Additional Non-transiting Super-Earth in the Bright HD 3167 System, and Masses for All Three Planets', Astronomical Journal, vol. 154, no. 3. <http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017arXiv170601892C>

Three’s Company: An Additional Non-transiting Super-Earth in the Bright HD 3167 System, and Masses for All Three Planets. / Christiansen, Jessie L.; Vanderburg, Andrew; Burt, Jennifer; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Batygin, Konstantin; Benneke, Björn; Brewer, John M.; Charbonneau, David; Ciardi, David R.; Collier Cameron, Andrew; Coughlin, Jeffrey L.; Crossfield, Ian J. M.; Dressing, Courtney D.; Greene, Thomas P.; Howard, Andrew W.; Latham, David W.; Molinari, Emilio; Mortier, Annelies; Mullally, Fergal; Pepe, Francesco; Rice, Ken; Sinukoff, Evan; Sozzetti, Alessandro; Thompson, Susan E.; Udry, Stéphane; Vogt, Steven S.; Barman, Travis S.; Batalha, Natasha E.; Bouchy, Francois; Buchhave, Lars A.; Butler, R. Paul; Cosentino, Rosario; Dupuy, Trent J.; Ehrenreich, David; Fiorenzano, Aldo F. M.; Hansen, Brad M. S.; Henning, Thomas; Hirsch, Lea; Holden, Bradford P.; Isaacson, Howard T.; Johnson, John Asher; Knutson, Heather A.; Kosiarek, Molly; López-Morales, Mercedes; Lovis, Christophe; Malavolta, Luca; Mayor, Michel; Micela, Giuseppina; Motalebi, Fatemeh; Petigura, Erik; Phillips, David F.; Piotto, Giampaolo; Rogers, Leslie A.; Sasselov, Dimitar; Schlieder, Joshua E.; Ségransan, Damien; Watson, Christopher A.; Weiss, Lauren M.

In: Astronomical Journal, Vol. 154, No. 3, 31.08.2017.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Three’s Company: An Additional Non-transiting Super-Earth in the Bright HD 3167 System, and Masses for All Three Planets

AU - Christiansen, Jessie L.

AU - Vanderburg, Andrew

AU - Burt, Jennifer

AU - Fulton, Benjamin J.

AU - Batygin, Konstantin

AU - Benneke, Björn

AU - Brewer, John M.

AU - Charbonneau, David

AU - Ciardi, David R.

AU - Collier Cameron, Andrew

AU - Coughlin, Jeffrey L.

AU - Crossfield, Ian J. M.

AU - Dressing, Courtney D.

AU - Greene, Thomas P.

AU - Howard, Andrew W.

AU - Latham, David W.

AU - Molinari, Emilio

AU - Mortier, Annelies

AU - Mullally, Fergal

AU - Pepe, Francesco

AU - Rice, Ken

AU - Sinukoff, Evan

AU - Sozzetti, Alessandro

AU - Thompson, Susan E.

AU - Udry, Stéphane

AU - Vogt, Steven S.

AU - Barman, Travis S.

AU - Batalha, Natasha E.

AU - Bouchy, Francois

AU - Buchhave, Lars A.

AU - Butler, R. Paul

AU - Cosentino, Rosario

AU - Dupuy, Trent J.

AU - Ehrenreich, David

AU - Fiorenzano, Aldo F. M.

AU - Hansen, Brad M. S.

AU - Henning, Thomas

AU - Hirsch, Lea

AU - Holden, Bradford P.

AU - Isaacson, Howard T.

AU - Johnson, John Asher

AU - Knutson, Heather A.

AU - Kosiarek, Molly

AU - López-Morales, Mercedes

AU - Lovis, Christophe

AU - Malavolta, Luca

AU - Mayor, Michel

AU - Micela, Giuseppina

AU - Motalebi, Fatemeh

AU - Petigura, Erik

AU - Phillips, David F.

AU - Piotto, Giampaolo

AU - Rogers, Leslie A.

AU - Sasselov, Dimitar

AU - Schlieder, Joshua E.

AU - Ségransan, Damien

AU - Watson, Christopher A.

AU - Weiss, Lauren M.

PY - 2017/8/31

Y1 - 2017/8/31

N2 - HD 3167 is a bright (V = 8.9), nearby K0 star observed by the NASA K2 mission (EPIC 220383386), hosting two small, short-period transiting planets. Here we present the results of a multi-site, multi-instrument radial velocity campaign to characterize the HD 3167 system. The masses of the transiting planets are 5.02+/-0.38 MEarth for HD 3167 b, a hot super-Earth with a likely rocky composition (rho_b = 5.60+2.15-1.43 g/cm^3), and 9.80+1.30-1.24 MEarth for HD 3167 c, a warm sub-Neptune with a likely substantial volatile complement (rho_c = 1.97+0.94-0.59 g/cm^3). We explore the possibility of atmospheric composition analysis and determine that planet c is amenable to transmission spectroscopy measurements, and planet b is a potential thermal emission target. We detect a third, non-transiting planet, HD 3167 d, with a period of 8.509+/-0.045 d (between planets b and c) and a minimum mass of 6.90+/-0.71 MEarth. We are able to constrain the mutual inclination of planet d with planets b and c: we rule out mutual inclinations below 1.3 degrees as we do not observe transits of planet d. From 1.3-40 degrees, there are viewing geometries invoking special nodal configurations which result in planet d not transiting some fraction of the time. From 40-60 degrees, Kozai-Lidov oscillations increase the system's instability, but it can remain stable for up to 100Myr. Above 60 degrees, the system is unstable. HD 3167 promises to be a fruitful system for further study and a preview of the many exciting systems expected from the upcoming NASA TESS mission.

AB - HD 3167 is a bright (V = 8.9), nearby K0 star observed by the NASA K2 mission (EPIC 220383386), hosting two small, short-period transiting planets. Here we present the results of a multi-site, multi-instrument radial velocity campaign to characterize the HD 3167 system. The masses of the transiting planets are 5.02+/-0.38 MEarth for HD 3167 b, a hot super-Earth with a likely rocky composition (rho_b = 5.60+2.15-1.43 g/cm^3), and 9.80+1.30-1.24 MEarth for HD 3167 c, a warm sub-Neptune with a likely substantial volatile complement (rho_c = 1.97+0.94-0.59 g/cm^3). We explore the possibility of atmospheric composition analysis and determine that planet c is amenable to transmission spectroscopy measurements, and planet b is a potential thermal emission target. We detect a third, non-transiting planet, HD 3167 d, with a period of 8.509+/-0.045 d (between planets b and c) and a minimum mass of 6.90+/-0.71 MEarth. We are able to constrain the mutual inclination of planet d with planets b and c: we rule out mutual inclinations below 1.3 degrees as we do not observe transits of planet d. From 1.3-40 degrees, there are viewing geometries invoking special nodal configurations which result in planet d not transiting some fraction of the time. From 40-60 degrees, Kozai-Lidov oscillations increase the system's instability, but it can remain stable for up to 100Myr. Above 60 degrees, the system is unstable. HD 3167 promises to be a fruitful system for further study and a preview of the many exciting systems expected from the upcoming NASA TESS mission.

KW - Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics

M3 - Article

VL - 154

JO - Astronomical Journal

JF - Astronomical Journal

SN - 0004-6256

IS - 3

ER -

Three’s Company: An Additional Non-transiting Super-Earth in the Bright HD 3167 System, and Masses for All Three Planets

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Christopher Watson

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