Abstract
Urinary excretion of 34 dietary polyphenols and their variations according to diet and other lifestyle
factors were measured by tandem mass spectrometry in 475 adult participants from the European
Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cross-sectional study. A single 24-hour
urine sample was analysed for each subject from 4 European countries. The highest median levels
were observed for phenolic acids such as 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (157μmol/24h), followed
by 3-hydroxyphenylacetic, ferulic, vanillic and homovanillic acids (20–50μmol/24h). The lowest
concentrations were observed for equol, apigenin and resveratrol (<0.1μmol/24h). Urinary
polyphenols significantly varied by centre, followed by alcohol intake, sex, educational level, and
energy intake. This variability is largely explained by geographical variations in the diet, as suggested
by the high correlations (r>0.5) observed between urinary polyphenols and the intake of their main
food sources (e.g., resveratrol and gallic acid ethyl ester with red wine intake; caffeic, protocatechuic
and ferulic acids with coffee consumption; and hesperetin and naringenin with citrus fruit intake). The
large variations in urinary polyphenols observed are largely determined by food preferences. These
polyphenol biomarkers should allow more accurate evaluation of the relationships between polyphenol
exposure and the risk of chronic diseases in large epidemiological studies.
Original language | Undefined/Unknown |
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Article number | 26905 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Sci Rep |
Volume | 6 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 07 Jun 2016 |