Usable identity and access management schemes for smart cities

Usable Identity and Access Management (IAM) schemes are highly required to control and track users’ identity and access privileges for a safe and secure smart city. Any safety or security breach in critical infrastructures, e.g., smart financial solutions, smart transportation, and smart buildings, can disrupt the normal life of its residents. Studies have reported that traditional knowledge- and token-based IAM schemes are unable to fully secure these emerging use cases due to inherent security and usability issues in them. This chapter presents multi-modal biometric-based IAM schemes for smart payment apps, smart transportation, and smart buildings that can partially address the safety and security concerns of residents. We also describe the framework for designing risk-based, implicit, or continuous verification IAM schemes for such use cases.