Utilizing Data Centers for Inertia and Fast Frequency Response Services

Dlzar Al Kez; Aoife M. Foley; Paul Brogan; D. John Morrow

doi:10.1109/SPIES48661.2020.9243001

Utilizing Data Centers for Inertia and Fast Frequency Response Services

Dlzar Al Kez, Aoife M. Foley, Paul Brogan, D. John Morrow

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

2 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

This research evaluates data centers as an emergency source of virtual inertia and fast frequency response, using PMUs to detect disturbances. The performance of the proposed method is validated using DIgSILENT PowerFactory simulation, calibrated using a real frequency event that occurred in the Irish power system. Wind generation is significant in the Irish system and significantly higher levels are required to reach renewable energy targets. Wind power, like photovoltaics, are mediated by power electronics that do not inherently respond to frequency variation. This research addresses problems with the drop in system inertia and the availability of primary frequency response on systems with high non-synchronous infeed. Demand response has the potential to replace these services. Typically, a large number of domestic, or light industrial, loads are considered for such services, but these present challenges in terms of monitoring and control. This research focuses on the potential of large load data centers that incorporate uninterruptable power supplies as standard, therefore a demand response does not have a direct effect on operation.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	2020 2nd International Conference on Smart Power and Internet Energy Systems (SPIES 2020): Proceedings
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Pages	368-373
Number of pages	6
ISBN (Electronic)	9781728166117
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/SPIES48661.2020.9243001
Publication status	Published - 15 Sept 2020
Event	2nd International Conference on Smart Power and Internet Energy Systems, SPIES 2020 - Bangkok, Thailand Duration: 15 Sept 2020 → 18 Sept 2020

Publication series

Name	2020 2nd International Conference on Smart Power and Internet Energy Systems, SPIES 2020

Conference

Conference	2nd International Conference on Smart Power and Internet Energy Systems, SPIES 2020
Country/Territory	Thailand
City	Bangkok
Period	15/09/2020 → 18/09/2020

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work is part of the Collaborative REsearch of Decentralization, ElectrificatioN, Communications and Economics (CREDENCE) project, which is funded by a US-Ireland Department for the Economy (DfE), Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) and a US National Science Foundation (NSF) award under the Research and Development Partnership Program (Centre to Centre) award (grant number USI 110).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 IEEE.

Keywords

Data center
Demand response
Dynamic simulation
Fast frequency response service
Primary frequency control
Wind power generation

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Artificial Intelligence
Computer Networks and Communications
Energy Engineering and Power Technology
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1109/SPIES48661.2020.9243001Licence: Unspecified

Power system dynamics with increasing distributed generation penetrations
Al Kez, D. (Author), Foley, A. (Supervisor) & Laverty, D. (Supervisor), Jul 2022
Student thesis: Doctoral Thesis › Doctor of Philosophy

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Cite this

Al Kez, D., Foley, A. M., Brogan, P., & Morrow, D. J. (2020). Utilizing Data Centers for Inertia and Fast Frequency Response Services. In 2020 2nd International Conference on Smart Power and Internet Energy Systems (SPIES 2020): Proceedings (pp. 368-373). Article 9243001 (2020 2nd International Conference on Smart Power and Internet Energy Systems, SPIES 2020). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. https://doi.org/10.1109/SPIES48661.2020.9243001

Al Kez, Dlzar ; Foley, Aoife M. ; Brogan, Paul et al. / Utilizing Data Centers for Inertia and Fast Frequency Response Services. 2020 2nd International Conference on Smart Power and Internet Energy Systems (SPIES 2020): Proceedings. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2020. pp. 368-373 (2020 2nd International Conference on Smart Power and Internet Energy Systems, SPIES 2020).

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abstract = "This research evaluates data centers as an emergency source of virtual inertia and fast frequency response, using PMUs to detect disturbances. The performance of the proposed method is validated using DIgSILENT PowerFactory simulation, calibrated using a real frequency event that occurred in the Irish power system. Wind generation is significant in the Irish system and significantly higher levels are required to reach renewable energy targets. Wind power, like photovoltaics, are mediated by power electronics that do not inherently respond to frequency variation. This research addresses problems with the drop in system inertia and the availability of primary frequency response on systems with high non-synchronous infeed. Demand response has the potential to replace these services. Typically, a large number of domestic, or light industrial, loads are considered for such services, but these present challenges in terms of monitoring and control. This research focuses on the potential of large load data centers that incorporate uninterruptable power supplies as standard, therefore a demand response does not have a direct effect on operation.",

keywords = "Data center, Demand response, Dynamic simulation, Fast frequency response service, Primary frequency control, Wind power generation",

author = "{Al Kez}, Dlzar and Foley, {Aoife M.} and Paul Brogan and Morrow, {D. John}",

note = "Funding Information: This work is part of the Collaborative REsearch of Decentralization, ElectrificatioN, Communications and Economics (CREDENCE) project, which is funded by a US-Ireland Department for the Economy (DfE), Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) and a US National Science Foundation (NSF) award under the Research and Development Partnership Program (Centre to Centre) award (grant number USI 110). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 IEEE.; 2nd International Conference on Smart Power and Internet Energy Systems, SPIES 2020 ; Conference date: 15-09-2020 Through 18-09-2020",

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Al Kez, D, Foley, AM, Brogan, P & Morrow, DJ 2020, Utilizing Data Centers for Inertia and Fast Frequency Response Services. in 2020 2nd International Conference on Smart Power and Internet Energy Systems (SPIES 2020): Proceedings., 9243001, 2020 2nd International Conference on Smart Power and Internet Energy Systems, SPIES 2020, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., pp. 368-373, 2nd International Conference on Smart Power and Internet Energy Systems, SPIES 2020, Bangkok, Thailand, 15/09/2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/SPIES48661.2020.9243001

Utilizing Data Centers for Inertia and Fast Frequency Response Services. / Al Kez, Dlzar; Foley, Aoife M.; Brogan, Paul et al.
2020 2nd International Conference on Smart Power and Internet Energy Systems (SPIES 2020): Proceedings. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2020. p. 368-373 9243001 (2020 2nd International Conference on Smart Power and Internet Energy Systems, SPIES 2020).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

TY - GEN

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AU - Al Kez, Dlzar

AU - Foley, Aoife M.

AU - Brogan, Paul

AU - Morrow, D. John

N1 - Funding Information: This work is part of the Collaborative REsearch of Decentralization, ElectrificatioN, Communications and Economics (CREDENCE) project, which is funded by a US-Ireland Department for the Economy (DfE), Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) and a US National Science Foundation (NSF) award under the Research and Development Partnership Program (Centre to Centre) award (grant number USI 110). Publisher Copyright: © 2020 IEEE.

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N2 - This research evaluates data centers as an emergency source of virtual inertia and fast frequency response, using PMUs to detect disturbances. The performance of the proposed method is validated using DIgSILENT PowerFactory simulation, calibrated using a real frequency event that occurred in the Irish power system. Wind generation is significant in the Irish system and significantly higher levels are required to reach renewable energy targets. Wind power, like photovoltaics, are mediated by power electronics that do not inherently respond to frequency variation. This research addresses problems with the drop in system inertia and the availability of primary frequency response on systems with high non-synchronous infeed. Demand response has the potential to replace these services. Typically, a large number of domestic, or light industrial, loads are considered for such services, but these present challenges in terms of monitoring and control. This research focuses on the potential of large load data centers that incorporate uninterruptable power supplies as standard, therefore a demand response does not have a direct effect on operation.

AB - This research evaluates data centers as an emergency source of virtual inertia and fast frequency response, using PMUs to detect disturbances. The performance of the proposed method is validated using DIgSILENT PowerFactory simulation, calibrated using a real frequency event that occurred in the Irish power system. Wind generation is significant in the Irish system and significantly higher levels are required to reach renewable energy targets. Wind power, like photovoltaics, are mediated by power electronics that do not inherently respond to frequency variation. This research addresses problems with the drop in system inertia and the availability of primary frequency response on systems with high non-synchronous infeed. Demand response has the potential to replace these services. Typically, a large number of domestic, or light industrial, loads are considered for such services, but these present challenges in terms of monitoring and control. This research focuses on the potential of large load data centers that incorporate uninterruptable power supplies as standard, therefore a demand response does not have a direct effect on operation.

KW - Data center

KW - Demand response

KW - Dynamic simulation

KW - Fast frequency response service

KW - Primary frequency control

KW - Wind power generation

U2 - 10.1109/SPIES48661.2020.9243001

DO - 10.1109/SPIES48661.2020.9243001

M3 - Conference contribution

AN - SCOPUS:85096892278

T3 - 2020 2nd International Conference on Smart Power and Internet Energy Systems, SPIES 2020

SP - 368

EP - 373

BT - 2020 2nd International Conference on Smart Power and Internet Energy Systems (SPIES 2020): Proceedings

PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.

T2 - 2nd International Conference on Smart Power and Internet Energy Systems, SPIES 2020

Y2 - 15 September 2020 through 18 September 2020

ER -

Al Kez D, Foley AM, Brogan P, Morrow DJ. Utilizing Data Centers for Inertia and Fast Frequency Response Services. In 2020 2nd International Conference on Smart Power and Internet Energy Systems (SPIES 2020): Proceedings. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 2020. p. 368-373. 9243001. (2020 2nd International Conference on Smart Power and Internet Energy Systems, SPIES 2020). doi: 10.1109/SPIES48661.2020.9243001

Utilizing Data Centers for Inertia and Fast Frequency Response Services

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Fingerprint

Student theses

Power system dynamics with increasing distributed generation penetrations

Cite this