Validation of the Italian version of the 25-item Hikikomori Questionnaire (HQ-25-I)

Emanuele Fino; Paolo Iliceto; Antonino Carcione; Eleni Giovani; Gabriella Candilera

doi:10.1002/jclp.23404

Validation of the Italian version of the 25-item Hikikomori Questionnaire (HQ-25-I)

Emanuele Fino^*, Paolo Iliceto, Antonino Carcione, Eleni Giovani, Gabriella Candilera

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

11 Citations (Scopus)

41 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Introduction: The present study aimed to adapt the 25-item Hikikomori Questionnaire to the Italian context (HQ-25-I) and to test its psychometric properties in two samples, particularly a sample of residents with psychiatric conditions (n = 117) and a sample of individuals from the community (n = 209).

Methods: We tested the fit of the original three-factor structure (Socialization, Isolation, and Emotional Support) and measurement invariance across the two groups, and the reliability, convergent, and criterion (concurrent) validity of the HQ-25-I.

Results: The results showed that the original measurement model fitted the data well and that it was invariant across the two groups. The measure was reliable and positively correlated with some maladaptive personality trait domains (PID-5-BF), Depression (BDI-II), and Hopelessness (BHS) in both groups, with higher scores observed in the clinical sample. However, low correlations were found between the HQ-25-I and the PID-5-BF Detachment and Negative Affectivity.

Conclusions: The results from the study showed that the HQ-25-I is reliable, but further examination of its validity is warranted. Implications for theory and future research are discussed.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	210-227
Number of pages	18
Journal	Journal of Clinical Psychology
Volume	79
Issue number	1
Early online date	16 Jun 2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23404
Publication status	Published - Jan 2023
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The study was realized with the support of S&P Statistics & Psychometrics Ltd, Rome, Italy.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Psychology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Keywords

depression
emotional support
Hikikomori
isolation
socialization

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)
Clinical Psychology

Access to Document

10.1002/jclp.23404Licence: CC BY

Validation of the Italian version of the 25-item Hikikomori Questionnaire (HQ-25-I)
Copyright 2022 the authors. This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the author and source are cited.
Final published version, 651 KBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "Validation of the Italian version of the 25-item Hikikomori Questionnaire (HQ-25-I)",

abstract = "Introduction: The present study aimed to adapt the 25-item Hikikomori Questionnaire to the Italian context (HQ-25-I) and to test its psychometric properties in two samples, particularly a sample of residents with psychiatric conditions (n = 117) and a sample of individuals from the community (n = 209). Methods: We tested the fit of the original three-factor structure (Socialization, Isolation, and Emotional Support) and measurement invariance across the two groups, and the reliability, convergent, and criterion (concurrent) validity of the HQ-25-I. Results: The results showed that the original measurement model fitted the data well and that it was invariant across the two groups. The measure was reliable and positively correlated with some maladaptive personality trait domains (PID-5-BF), Depression (BDI-II), and Hopelessness (BHS) in both groups, with higher scores observed in the clinical sample. However, low correlations were found between the HQ-25-I and the PID-5-BF Detachment and Negative Affectivity. Conclusions: The results from the study showed that the HQ-25-I is reliable, but further examination of its validity is warranted. Implications for theory and future research are discussed.",

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author = "Emanuele Fino and Paolo Iliceto and Antonino Carcione and Eleni Giovani and Gabriella Candilera",

note = "Funding Information: The study was realized with the support of S&P Statistics & Psychometrics Ltd, Rome, Italy. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Psychology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.",

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AU - Carcione, Antonino

AU - Giovani, Eleni

AU - Candilera, Gabriella

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N2 - Introduction: The present study aimed to adapt the 25-item Hikikomori Questionnaire to the Italian context (HQ-25-I) and to test its psychometric properties in two samples, particularly a sample of residents with psychiatric conditions (n = 117) and a sample of individuals from the community (n = 209). Methods: We tested the fit of the original three-factor structure (Socialization, Isolation, and Emotional Support) and measurement invariance across the two groups, and the reliability, convergent, and criterion (concurrent) validity of the HQ-25-I. Results: The results showed that the original measurement model fitted the data well and that it was invariant across the two groups. The measure was reliable and positively correlated with some maladaptive personality trait domains (PID-5-BF), Depression (BDI-II), and Hopelessness (BHS) in both groups, with higher scores observed in the clinical sample. However, low correlations were found between the HQ-25-I and the PID-5-BF Detachment and Negative Affectivity. Conclusions: The results from the study showed that the HQ-25-I is reliable, but further examination of its validity is warranted. Implications for theory and future research are discussed.

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Validation of the Italian version of the 25-item Hikikomori Questionnaire (HQ-25-I)

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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