Wearable Antennas for Human Identification at 2.45 GHz

In this paper, antenna sensitivity to the human body was investigated for the purpose of user identification. Through numerical and experimental analysis, the variation of the antenna return loss was measured while interacting with multiple human bodies at 2.45 GHz. A new antenna is proposed, which distributes the field within the tissue, enhancing the identification accuracy of the machine learning algorithm. Experiments conducted on six human subjects gave classification accuracy of approximately 98%. To overcome the reduction in radiation efficiency, a layered stacked patch design is introduced which increases the radiation efficiency to 27% for the close fitting wearable antenna.