Yellow earthworms: Distinctive pigmentation associated with arsenic- and copper-tolerance in Lumbricus rubellus

Trevor G. Piearce*, Caroline J. Langdon, Andrew A. Meharg, Kirk T. Semple

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

28 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Lumbricus rubellus Hoffmeister, inhabiting soil at the 19th century Devon Great Consols mine at Tavistock, Devon, UK, show high tolerance to Cu- and As-toxicity and frequently have a striking yellow coloration. Specimens from this site (mature and immature) and from an uncontaminated site on Lancaster University campus (mature) were photographed, and the slide images digitized and analyzed. All L. rubellus showed reddish-purple pigmentation of the body wall that declined in intensity posteriorly. The metal- and metalloid-resistant earthworms, whether mature or immature, showed yellowing in the posterior half of the body. The source of the coloration was intense yellow pigmentation of the chloragogenous tissue surrounding the alimentary canal. The yellow pigmentation is masked by reddish-purple body wall pigmentation anteriorly. Total As concentrations in tissues were determined for the anterior, middle and posterior sections of resistant and non-resistant L. rubellus. Highest concentrations were in the middle sections of the mature and immature resistant L. rubellus (36.17 ± 19.77 and 27.77 ± 9.02 mg As kg-1, respectively). Resistant immature L. rubellus lost condition over 28 d in soil treated with 750 mg As kg-1, possibly due to a higher metabolism, whilst there was no loss in condition for resistant mature L. rubellus in the treated soil. As far as the authors are aware, this is the first report of yellow pigmentation of this kind in earthworms. The pigmentation may provide a useful indicator of exposure/resistance to soil contamination.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1833-1838
Number of pages6
JournalSoil Biology and Biochemistry
Volume34
Issue number12
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 01 Dec 2002

Keywords

  • Arsenate
  • Coloration
  • Earthworms
  • Heavy metal
  • Lumbricus rubellus

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Soil Science
  • Biochemistry
  • Ecology

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