Professional perceptions of the social work role with adult vulnerable witnesses in Northern Ireland

Abstract

Adult safeguarding involves both preventative and protective measures provided by various professionals to support individuals at risk of harm, some of whom may also be victims of crime. This study explores the perceptions of social workers and police officers in Northern Ireland regarding the role of social work in supporting Adult Vulnerable Witnesses (AVWs) within the framework of a joint investigation protocol between police and social work services.

Utilizing a cross-sectional, exploratory qualitative design, the study draws on three focus groups and 19 individual interviews to assess professional experiences. The research is informed by a scoping review of existing literature, identifying key themes in adult safeguarding such as legal powers, outcome measures, and learning from serious case reviews. Thematic analysis of the data, guided by the theoretical frameworks of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model, models of vulnerability, and the concept of epistemic injustice, revealed several complexities within the adult safeguarding landscape. Notably, inconsistencies in referral processes, often driven by individual practice experience and training, result in a "referral lottery" for AVWs. The study also identifies the limited number of AVWs whose cases proceed to criminal court, highlighting gaps in the current system.

Both social workers and police officers expressed a strong desire to revise the Adult Joint Protocol, advocating for clearer inclusion and exclusion criteria, improved communication between agencies, and the development of outcome measures that reflect service user needs. The findings emphasize the necessity of a more consistent, user-focused approach to adult safeguarding, particularly in joint investigations involving AVWs.

Thesis is embargoed until 31 December 2025.

Date of Award	Dec 2024
Original language	English
Awarding Institution	Queen's University Belfast
Sponsors	Southern Health & Social Care Trust
Supervisor	Gavin Davidson (Supervisor) & Lorna Montgomery (Supervisor)