Small and medium-sized enterprises’ green transformation: evidence from China

Abstract

Since China's reform and opening-up in 1978, the country has experienced rapid economic growth, driven primarily by its manufacturing sector, which includes both large enterprises and SMEs. However, this growth has led to environmental degradation, with industrial activities being a major source of pollution. As a result, green transformation has become a priority for many Chinese enterprises, particularly large firms, while SMEs are still in the early stages of this transition. SMEs face challenges due to limited financial resources, technology access, and capabilities. This thesis explores the green transformation of Chinese SMEs, focusing on the roles of business associations, institutional pressures, and quality management in shaping their adoption of green practices. Using a mixed-methods approach, including qualitative case studies and discrete choice experiments, the thesis provides insights into the mechanisms of green transformation. Key findings highlight the differing impacts of business association services, the opposite effects of institutional pressures and quality management on adoption, and the moderating role of institutional pressure in green transformation decisions. This research contributes to green transformation theory and offers new management and policy recommendations for SMEs, government, and business managers.

Thesis embargoed until 31st July 2026.

Date of Award	Jul 2025
Original language	English
Awarding Institution	Queen's University Belfast
Supervisor	Min Zhang (Supervisor) & Hangfei Guo (Supervisor)